ABSTRACT
Three hundred normal adult dry calcanei were collected from different anatomical departments in Egypt. The calcanei were subjected to study the morphology of the articular facets. Also, radiological examinations and longitudinal sections were done to study the trabecular patterns of the calcanei. According to the morphology of calcaneal articular facets, type I calcanei represented 63% of the total number of bones and showing one continuous facet situated on the sustentaculum tali and extending to the anteromedial corner of the distal part of the calcaneus. This type divided into two subtypes according to the absence or the presence of the constriction i.e. subtype Ia [40%] and subtype Ib [23%]. Type II calcanei represented 30% of the total number of bones and showing two articular facets which were presented with variable degree of separation between the two facets. Accordingly, this type divided into three subtypes i.e. subtype IIa with narrow separation, subtype IIb with moderate separation and subtype IIc with wide separation. Type III calcanei represented 5% of the total number of bones and showing a single facet on the sustentaculum tali with absence of anterior talar facets. Type IV calcanei represented 2% of the total number of bones and showing a single confluent facet due to fusion of medial, anterior and posterior talar articular facets
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Radiography , Epidemiologic Studies , Calcaneus/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
This study aimed to examine the effect of long term administration of sublethal dose of carbaryl [Sevin] on the stomach of adult albino rats. Forty adults male albino rats were used and divided into two equal groups: The first group served as controls and the second group was used to show the effect of carbaryl on the stomach by giving 25 mg carbaryl orally/rat/day for three months. The stomach was dissected and prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. The mucosa of the treated rat showed degeneration of the gastric glands with marked monocytic cellular infiltration. Only some parietal cells persisted the effect of the drug and looked healthy by light microscopy. However, EM studies showed that the parietal cells which appeared healthy in light microscopy showed degenerative changes in the form of dilated endoplasmic reticulum, enlarged mitochondria with loss of their cristae and vacuolation of their cytoplasm and nuclei. It was concluded that carbaryl induces hazard effects on the stomach of albino rats in the form of degeneration of the mucosa and marked cellular infiltration