Studies on allelopathic effect of artemisinin on rhizobium / 中国中药杂志

Two strains of bean rhizobia, Rhizobium vigna 01 (slow-growing Rhizobium) and Rh. vigna 03 (fast-growing Rhizobium), were adopted to study allelopathic effect of artemisinin on the rhizobia. The results showed a significant inhibition of the reproduction and growth of rhizobium by artemisinin. After about 8 hours by adding 40 mg x L(-1) artemisinin into the culture medium, the number of rhizobia was less than half of those in normal culture. The utilization of sucrose and glucose by rhizobia decreased significantly as the concentration of artemisinin increased in the culture medium, which could be one of the main reasons for the inhibition of reproduction and growth of rhizobia by artemisinin. In addition, the activities of extracellular protease and acid phosphatase released from rhizobia decreased significantly as the concentrations of artemisinin increased. Artemisinin refluxed from Artemisia annua could thus inhibit the formation of root nodules and interfered with energy supply and reception between bacteroid and host cells. y = e(-ax) + b reflected the relationships between nitrogenase activities (y) and concentrations of artemisinin (x). In the culture medium with 48 mg x L(-1) of artemisinin, nitrogenase activities were about zero, resulting in the inactivation of nitrogenase in nodules formed. In general, artemisin in A. annua grown soils may inhibit the reproduction and growth of rhizobia, nodule formation and nitrogen biofixation, leading to less nitrogen supply, poor growth and development, and low yields of beans.

Breeding and spreading of new vairety "Yu-Qing No. 1" of Artemisia annua / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To breed and spread a new cultivar of Artemisia annua.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The excellent germplasm resources of A. annua in the main production area of Artemisia were collected, and the improved germplasm were screened, the content of artemisinin was determined, and yield per plant was measured. The systematically maternal line and seed production techniques of mass selection were applied combined with the variety test, variety regional test trials and production trials for breeding and spreading the new cultivars of artemisia.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The popularization and experiment illustrated the production of the new species reached 3 000 kg x hm(-2), compared with wild A. annua it increased 10% -14%. The content of artemisinin reached more than 1%, increased more than 0.2%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is proved that the systematically maternal line and seed production techniques of mass selection can significantly improve the quality of A. annua and it is an acceptable way to cultivate new variety. By production verification, it is practicable and high technical and economic benefits to popularize the new cultivar "Yu-Qing No. 1" of A. annua.</p>

Development strategies on seed seedling of Chinese medicinal materials / 中国中药杂志

This paper analyzed the development status, industrialization system, standardization system and new variety breeding of seed and seedling of Chinese medicinal materials. Based on the development status and problems facing to the seed and seedling industry in China, some reasonable countermeasures are proposed in this article. The main measures include strengthening new variety breeding, establishing experiment site, protecting new variety and standardizing the market and quality management.

Effects of zinc manganese and boron on artemisinin and yields of Artemisia annua / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of micro-elements fertilizers on the quality and yields of Artemisia annua.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Field experiments were conducted according to the method of random blocks design. After the harvest the yield was calculated and the content of artemisinin was determined.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>By applying 0.1%-0.5% Mn and 0.1%-0.5% Zn the dried leaf output and artemisinin content were increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The suitable ranges of Mn and Zn can increased the yield and artemisinin content of A. annua.</p>

Establishment of canditate core collection of Artemisia annua from China / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the candidate core collection of Artemisia annua.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The morphologic traits and the results of SRAP marker were compared respectively.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The chi2 test and the t test of both indexes for 8 morphological characters and SRAP marker parameters did not reach significant level between the candidate core collection and the primary sample.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In this study, the candidate core collection can stand for original collection excellently.</p>

Optimal measure for cultivation of Artemisia annua with high seeds yield / 中国中药杂志

The relationship of Artemisia annua seed yield with density, N, P and K fertilizer applied amount was studied, and a mathematical model involving the 4 factors affecting seed yield was established using the orthogonal rotation design of quadratic regression. The seed yield function model was established according to parameters through field tests and data treated by computer techniques. The best agronomic measures complex project was selected and developed by computer imitation. The effects on seed yield of A. annua are density > N > P > K in turn. To obtain the highest yield density should be 13 000-15 000 plants x hm(-2), Ureal 186-242 kg x hm(-2), calcium superphosphate 874-1 023 kg x hm(-2), potassium chloride 135-165 kg x hm(-2) in the experiment. Reasonable planting density and fertilizer application could improve the seed yield of A. annua.

Analysis of genetic difference among Scrophularia ningpoensis cultivars by SRAP / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The genetic difference among Scrophularia ningpoensis cultivars were analyzed in molecular level.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Ninety-two individuls of three S. ningpoensis cultivars were employed to be analyzed by the approach of Sequence-related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP).The parameters were calculated by POPGENE1.31 and the relationship was constructed based on UPGMA method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>1) A total of 227 bands were scored and 199 bands of them were polymorphic. 2) The result is showed that there is a medium level of genetic diversity among three cultivars. At species level: percentage of polymorphic loci PPB=52.42%, effective number of alleles N(e)=1.2812, Nei's gene diversity H=0.1671 and Shannon's information index H(sp)= 0.2526; At cultivar level: PPB=21.44%, N(e)=1.1216, Nei's gene diversity H=0.0725 and Shannon's information index H(pop)= 0.1083. 3) The Nei's coefficient of genetic differentiation was 0.5625, which was consistent with the Shannon's coefficient of genetic differentiation (0.5713). Most of the genetic variation existed among cultivars. 4) The gene flow (N(m)=0.3889) was less among cultivars, indicating that the degree of genetic differentiation was higher. 5) Genetic similarity coefficient were changed from 0.8082 to 0.9133. By clustering analysis, the classified result of SRAP marker between traditional modal character was almost same.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The genetic diversity of samples of S. ningpoensis is medium. The genetic difference among cultivar is higher than that within cultivar.</p>