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Objective: To analyze the differences in low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) between patients with schizophrenia (SC) and healthy controls so as to further explore the pathogenesis of schizophrenia by correlating with clinical symptoms and inflammatory cytokines. Methods: We recruited 38 SC patients and 35 demographically matched healthy subjects. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS). After high-resolution fMRI scanning, data processing and analysis for brain imaging (DPABI) was used to find potential differences in fALFF between the two groups. A Pearson correlation model was used to analyze the associations of functional changes with clinical symptoms and inflammatory cytokines. DPABI software and SPSS 22.0 software were used for data analysis and GRF (P<0.05) theory for multiple comparison correction. Results: ① Compared to the healthy controls, SC patients had significantly increased fALFF values in the bilateral putamen and the right cingulum, but decreased fALFF values in the left precuneus and the left superior frontal gyrus. ② The levels of TNF-α, CCL2, IL-β, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in SC group than in the control group (z=-3.301, P=0.001; z=-3.053, P=0.002; z=-5.429, P<0.001; z=-6.562, P<0.001; z=-4.537, P<0.001; z=-2.153, P=0.031). ③ The fALFF values of the left putamen of SC group were significantly correlated with the total scores of PANSS (Left: r=0.409, P=0.025; Right: r=0.428, P=0.019). The fALFF values of the left precuneus of SC group were significantly correlated with the levels of IL-4 (r=-0.412, P=0.026); the fALFF values of right cingulum of SC group were significantly correlated with the levels of TNF-α (r=0.392, P=0.035). Conclusion: Abnormalities in inflammatory cytokines and partial brain regions are found in SC patients. More importantly, the left putamen and the right cingulum are associated with disease symptoms and inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that these regions play an important role in the pathogenesis of SC.
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Objective To investigate the difference of Wechsler's cognitive test and its influencing factors in first-episode depression patients with and without sleep disorder.Methods 156 patients with de-pression were divided into two groups according to their sleep conditions,including sleep disorder group(n=77)and non-sleep disorder group(n=79).Wechsler Intelligence Scale(WAIS)and Wechsler Memory Scale(WMS)were used to assess the cognitive function,while Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-17) were used to assess depressive symptoms.Results (1)Sleep disorders group had lower scores on verbal IQ (95.51±16.45),performance IQ(90.94±13.87),FIQ scores(92.48±15.49)than those in the non-sleep disorder group((105.59±15.20),(96.19±13.62),(101.20±14.70)respectively),the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Sleep disorder group had lower scores in immediate memory(10.47 ± 3.88),short-term memory(49.87±14.35)and memory quotient(87.90±18.25)than those in the non-sleep disorder group((11.86±3.47),(56.52±13.03),(97.27±18.76)respectively),the differences were statisti-cally significant(all P<0.05).(2)Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that education and age ex-plained 24% of variance in verbal IQ(F=21.258,P<0.01).Education,sleep disorder factors explained 12.9% of variation in performance IQ(F=9.825,P<0.01).Education,sleep disorder factors explained 22.3% of variance in total IQ(F=22.847,P<0.01).Education,age,sleep disorder factors explained 28.4%of variation in short-term memory(F=23.850,P<0.01).Education and age explained 20.4% of variation in immediate memory(F=18.10,P<0.01).Education and sleep disorder factors explained 21.9% of variation in memory quotient(F=26.162,P<0.01).Conclusion The intelligence and memory impairment in first-epi-sode depression patients with sleep disorders is more serious,and the education,sleep disorder and age are the most important factors.
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Objective To effectively combine the results of resting state regional homogeneity(ReHo) fMRI studies in depression.Methods Literatures between 2003-2016 on fMRI of depression in PubMed,Web of Knowledge,EBSCO host medline,CNKI,CQVIP and Wanfang Med Online were taken as research objects.Screening the relevant data according to the included and excluded standard,then,software of AES-SDM was employed to do Meta analysis,in addition,the age,gender,duration of disease,the year of education and treatment were also analyzed.Results 23 articles met the standard,including 1 036 cases,of which 507 for the depression group,529 for the control group.Meta analysis showed the significant ReHo abnormalities of Default Mode Network(DMN) which centers on left precuneus,left superior frontal gyrus and right cingulate gyrus,in addition,left lenticular nucleus,left postcentral gyrus,left cerebellum and left fusiform gyrus had significant ReHo differences.In the regression analysis,gender,age,duration of disease,years of education,disease severity were all affected factors.The difference of cingulate gyrus was the most stable,and the duration of the disease significantly affected cingulate gyrus (SDM =2.777).Conclusion The abnormalities of DMN which centers on left precuneus,left,medial superior frontal gyrus and right cingulate gyrus are the most consistent in depression,the DMN is closely related to depression.
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Objective To investigate the value of end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PET CO2 )in fluid resuscitation in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)patients.Methods SAP patients under mechanical ventilation with the need of a fluid challenge test were included.Hemodynamic parameter cardiac index(CI)and PET CO2 were conducted before and after the fluid challenge test.The value of ΔPET CO2 was used to predict fluid responsiveness. Results Totally 43 patients with SAP were prospectively recruited.31 patients had volume responsiveness, 12 patients had no volume responsiveness.Compared with no volume responsiveness group,volume responsiveness group led to a greater increase in ΔCI[(0.9 ±0.3)vs.(0.2 ±0.3),t =3.24,P <0.05]and ΔPET CO2 [(4.1 ± 1.9)vs.(0.7 ±1.2),t =4.01,P <0.05].ΔPET CO2 and ΔCI were correlated(r =0.74,P <0.05).The area under ROC curve of ΔPET CO2 was 0.872(95% CI 0.754 ~0.923,P <0.05).An increase of 5% in ΔPET CO2 predicted fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 86.7%,and specificity of 89.5%.Conclusion The change of ΔPET CO2 induced by fluid challenge test is an effective way to predict fluid responsiveness in SAP patients.