ABSTRACT
The effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) on intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and cellular function in RBL 2H3 cells were investigated. Exposure to EMF (60 Hz, 0.1 or 1 mT) for 4 or 16 h did not produce any cytotoxic effects in RBL 2H3 cells. Melittin, ionomycin and thapsigargin each dose-dependently increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The increase of intracellular Ca2+ induced by these three agents was not affected by exposure to EMF (60 Hz, 1 mT) for 4 or 16 h in RBL 2H3 cells. To investigate the effect of EMF on exocytosis, we measured beta-hexosaminidase release in RBL 2H3 cells. Basal release of beta-hexosaminidase was 12.3+/-2.3% in RBL 2H3 cells. Exposure to EMF (60 Hz, 0.1 or 1 mT) for 4 or 16 h did not affect the basal or 1 microM melittin-induced beta-hexosaminidase release in RBL 2H3 cells. This study suggests that exposure to EMF (60 Hz, 0.1 or 1 mT), which is the limit of occupational exposure, has no influence on intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and cellular function in RBL 2H3 cells.
Subject(s)
beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases , Electromagnetic Fields , Exocytosis , Ionomycin , Melitten , Occupational Exposure , ThapsigarginABSTRACT
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) on signal pathway in plasma membrane of cultured cells (RAW 264.7 cells and RBL 2H3 cells), by measuring the activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD). The cells were exposed to the EMF (60 Hz, 0.1 or 1 mT) for 4 or 16 h. The basal and 0.5 microM melittin-induced arachidonic acid release was not affected by EMF in both cells. In cell-free PLA2 assay, we failed to observe the change of cPLA2 and sPLA2 activity. Also both PLC and PLD activities did not show any change in the two cell lines exposed to EMF. This study suggests that the exposure condition of EMF (60 Hz, 0.1 or 1 mT) which is 2.4 fold higher than the limit of occupational exposure does not induce phospholipases-associated signal pathway in RAW 264.7 cells and RBL 2H3 cells.
Subject(s)
Arachidonic Acid , Cell Line , Cell Membrane , Cells, Cultured , Electromagnetic Fields , Magnets , Occupational Exposure , Phospholipase D , Phospholipases , Phospholipases A2 , Pyridoxal , Signal Transduction , Type C PhospholipasesABSTRACT
Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may develop various liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, granulomatous inflammation, malignancies, vascular disease, drug-induced hepatitis and, sometimes, diseases of unknown origin. In this case, a 35-year-old HIV-infected man presented with fatigue, myalgia, elevated liver enzymes, and multiple skin lesions for 3 months. Since the abdominal computed tomography (CT) and viral marker tests failed to explain the cause of his symptoms and signs, a liver biopsy was performed. This revealed a granuloma consisting of epithelioid cells without necrosis. His symptoms, skin lesions, and abnormal liver enzymes improved without changing his management, including the anti-retroviral agents. He was diagnosed with idiopathic granulomatous hepatitis based on the pathologic findings of the liver and clinical course. Aggressive diagnostic methods, such as a liver biopsy, should be considered for HIV-infected patients with liver disease.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Anti-Retroviral Agents , Biomarkers , Biopsy , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Epithelioid Cells , Fatigue , Granuloma , Hepatitis , HIV , Inflammation , Liver , Liver Diseases , Necrosis , Skin , Vascular DiseasesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Acinetobacter infections are difficult to treat as they often exhibit multiple resistance to the antibiotics that are currently available for the treatment of pneumonia. Colistin is active against gram-negative bacteria, including the multiple drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter species. However, intravenous administration of colistin was abandoned because of its nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. The aims of this study were to examine the efficacy and safety of colistin administered by aerosol in the treatment of pneumonia caused by MDR Acinetobacter baumannii. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from Dec. 2006 to Aug. 2007 who had been diagnosed as suffering from pneumonia due to MDR Acinetobacter baumannii and had been treated with nebulized colistin. RESULTS: 31 patients received aerosolized colistin. The average duration of the treatment was 14+/-7 days and the daily dose of ranged from 225 mg to 300 mg. All patients received concomitant intravenous antimicrobial agents. The average length of the stay in the ICU was 34+/-21 days and in the hospital 58+/-52 days. The overall microbiological eradication was observed in 25 patients (80.6%). 14 of these (56%) were cured, and 11 (44%) were infected with other microorganisms. The overall crude mortality of the ICU was 48%. Nephrotoxicity and significant bronchial constriction did not occur in any patient during neublized colistin treatment. CONCLUSION: Nebulized colistin may be a safe and effective option in the treatment of pneumonia due to MDR Acinetobacter baumannii. Its role in therapy warrants further investigation in comparative studies.