Effects of Acupressure on Pruritus and Sleep in Patients on Hemodialysis / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the effects of acupressure on pruritus and sleep among patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS: The study design was a nonequivalent control group repeat measures quasi-experimental study. Data were collected from June to September 2015 in the kidney center at a hospital located in B city. Participants were 42 patients; 20 in the experimental group and 22 in the control group. For the experimental group, acupressure on the spots of Sameumgyo (SP6), Zoksamli (ST36), Hyolhae (SP10), and Gokji (LI11) was provided at the time of hemodialysis three times a week for 12 weeks. The numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to measure pruritus, and sleep was measured with the sleep scale developed by Jinju Oh et al. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in pruritus (F=7.80, p=.008) and increase in sleep (F=80.90, p<.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings confirmed in the study show that acupressure is an effective nursing intervention to decrease pruritus felt by patients on hemodialysis and to increase the quality of their sleep.

Perception survey on the introduction of clinical performance examination as part of the national nursing licensing examination in Korea / 보건의료교육평가

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze opinions about the action plan for implementation of clinical performance exam as part of the national nursing licensing examination and presents the expected effects of the performance exam and aspects to consider regarding its implementation. METHODS: This study used a mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were collected by a questionnaire survey, while qualitative data were collected by focus group interviews with experts. The survey targeted 200 nursing professors and clinical nurses with more than 5 years of work experience, and the focus group interviews were conducted with 28 of professors, clinical instructors, and nurses at hospitals. RESULTS: First, nursing professors and clinical specialists agreed that the current written tests have limitations in evaluating examinees' ability, and that the introduction of a clinical performance exam will yield positive results. Clinical performance exam is necessary to evaluate and improve nurses' work ability, which means that the implementation of a performance exam is advisable if its credibility and validity can be verified. Second, most respondents chose direct performance exams using simulators or standardized patients as the most suitable format of the test. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the current national nursing licensing exam is somewhat limited in its ability to identify competent nurses. Thus, the time has come for us to seriously consider the introduction of a performance exam. The prerequisites for successfully implementing clinical performance exam as part of the national nursing licensing exam are a professional training process and forming a consortium to standardize practical training.

Factors related to the Health related Quality of Life among Institutionalized Elders / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This purpose of this study was to identify the factors related to the health related quality of life among institutionalized elders. METHODS: The subjects were 247 elders institutionalized among one of the four nursing homes in Busan. Data were collected through interview with four standardized questionnaires from August to October, 2008. Questionnaires were related to health related quality of life (SmithKline Beecham's Quality of Life scale, SBQoL), quality of sleep(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index, PSQI), activity of daily living (Katz ADL Index), and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea, GDSSF-K). Data were analyzed for descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression by using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: The mean HRQoL in the subjects was 6.62 +/- 0.91. Percentage of the respondents reporting sleep disorders were 72.5% and 27.1% reported being vulnerable to depression. The significant predictors of the HRQoL were sleep quality, activity of daily living (ADL), level of education, and depression. The factors accounted for 28.8% of variance in the health related quality of life of institutionalized elders. CONCLUSION: Sleep quality, activity of daily living, and depression need to be considered as the important control factors for improving the health related quality of life in the institutionalized elders.

A Phenomenological Study on the Restoration Experience for Suicide Ideation of Korean Elders / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand and analyze the experience of restoration among Korean elders with suicide ideation. METHODS: A phenomenological research method guided data collection and analysis. A total of five elders having had suicide ideation participated. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews. All interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Coding was used to establish different concepts and categories. RESULTS: As the results of analysis, the following three constituents have been found as a retrospective focus based on the primary suicide ideation: expanding their view and facing reality, reconstructing their view about life and death as well as self. CONCLUSION: The results of this study may contribute to health professionals working at various crisis settings to understand Korean elders with suicide ideation.

A Phenomenological Study on the Experience of Hurt and Forgiveness of Clinical Nurses in Korea after Loss of Employment / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand and analyze the experience of hurt and forgiveness of clinical nurses in Korea. METHODS: A phenomenological research method guided data collection and analysis. The subjects were a total of 5 nurses who had experienced hurt and forgiveness. Data was collected through individual in-depth interviews. All interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Coding was used to establish different concepts and categories. RESULTS: The following three common constituents have been found as a retrospective focus based on the primary hurt related to the clinical situation; recognizing their personal values, obtaining their view about forgiveness, as well as their view of self. CONCLUSION: The results of this study may contribute to health professionals working in various clinical settings to understand Korean nurses with hurt and forgiveness experiences.

Development and Application of a Multidimensional Suicide Prevention Program for Korean Elders by utilizing a Community Network / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a multidimensional suicide prevention program for Korean elders by utilizing a community network and to evaluate its effect. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects were recruited from two different elderly institutions located in D city and K province, Korea. Nineteen subjects in the control group received no intervention and 20 subjects in the experimental group received a multidimensional suicide prevention program. RESULTS: There were more significant decreases in depression, suicide ideation, and increases in life satisfaction in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: According to the above results, the multidimensional suicide prevention program for Korean elders decreased stressful events like depression, and suicide ideation and increased life satisfaction through the community network. These findings suggest that this program can be used as an efficient intervention for elders in a critical situation.

A Phenomenological Study on the Adaptation Experience on Nursing Home Admission among Senior Patients / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the constituents and structure of adaptation experiences in their everyday life among senior patients of a nursing home in order to provide nursing intervention data for the satisfaction and the improvement of life of senior patients by appreciating the nature of their adaptational experience. METHODS: The participants were five female and one male senior patients who were 65-years old or older and admitted at a nursing home in a metropolitan city. The interview data were analyzed by the Giorgi's phenomenological analysis method. RESULTS: As the results of analysis, the following three constituents have been found out: retrospective focus based on the meaning of admission, expanding a view and facing up to the reality, reconstructing views about the meaning of life and the world. CONCLUSION: With the increasing number of senior in facilities, nurses not only play a key role in caring for seniors but also in managing their maladaptation. Thus, it is considered that the results obtained from the this study provide valuable information for both the senior patients and their families as well as for the nurses, by presenting the data about senior patients' adaptational experiences of nursing home admission.

Curriculum Analysis of Gerontological Nurse Practitioner Programs / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purposes of this article were to analyze curricula of gerontological nurse practitioner(GNP) programs in the United States, to compare the curricula with Korean GNP programs, and to provide suggestions for better GNP programs in Korea. METHODS: Top GNP programs in the United States were identified from the US NEWS and 12 universities were included in the analyses. Class distribution, credit hours, and clinical hours were analyzed and suggestions for Korean GNP programs were made. RESULTS: Average credit hours for class lectures in the US GNP programs were 47 and emphases on physiology, pharmacology, physical assessment, and disease management were identified. Most US GNP programs(75%) provided health concerns for both middle aged and older adults. Not all US GNP programs included 'theory' or 'the introduction to GNP' classes, while these are required classes in the Korean GNP program. The mean clinical hours in the US GNP Programs were 537 which are much higher than those in the Korean GNP program. CONCLUSION: Based on the analyses, we can conclude that Korean GNP programs are lacking in many ways. Further evaluation and curricula modifications are required to settle down the program better and to have the graduates prepared more as internationally competent nurse practitioners.

Contents Related to End-of Life Care in Nursing Curriculum: Q Methodological Approach / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the subjectivity of contents related to death as a nursing curriculum subject for nurses and students. METHOD: The Q-methodology which provides a method for analyzing the subjectivity of each items was used. The 34 selected Q-statements sorted by each of the 36 participants were classified into a normal distribution by using a 9 point scale. The collected data were analyzed using the QUANL PC program. RESULTS: Four types of content related to death nursing curriculum were identified. Type I is the psychologically sympathetic type, Type II is the clinical based experience type, Type III is the physically comfort seeking type, and Type IV is the human-understanding oriented type. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that different approaches to education are needed to address the four types of content related to death as a nursing curriculum subject. Both contents and characteristics need to be considered.

The Effects of Foot Reflexology Massage on Sleep and Fatigue of Elderly Women / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of foot reflexology massage on sleep and fatigue of elderly women. METHOD: The study was performed from April thru July of 2004 on the nonequivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experimental design. Fifty elderly women were selected for each group. The foot reflexology massage was performed for 45 minutes every three days for experimental group. The data were analyzed using the Cronbach's alpha, Chi-Square test, t-test and Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni. RESULT: 1. The sleep score of the experiment group is significantly higher than that of the control group(t=-5.944, p=.000). 2. For the experiment group, it is seen that the sleep score increases as the frequency of the foot reflexology massage increases(F=96.362, p=.000). 3. The fatigue score of the experiment group is significantly lower than that of the control group(t=4.356, p=.000). 4. For the experiment group, the fatigue is relieved gradually as the frequency of the foot reflexology massage increases(F= 118.444, p=.000). CONCLUSION: Based on the results described above, it is considered that the foot reflexology massage is effective for elderly women in promoting a good sleep and relieving the fatigue.

The Meaning of Death Seen by Nursing Students through Art Works / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: To understand the meaning of death seen by nursing students through art works. METHOD: The qualitative research method and the content analysis were used. The text were essays written by 42 senior nursing students about their impressions on death through art works. RESULT: Statements were classified into six categories and twenty six themes. The six categories include definitions of death, feelings about the death of a main character, responses to the death of the main character, feelings of significant others about the death of the main character, feelings of participants in this study, and oaths of the participants in this study. CONCLUSION: It is shown that participants recognize their position as nursing students, although they may not escape the fear of death, will learn to cope with death, and the dying in a suitably professional manner. In this respect, the study is considered to be helpful for the students in learning the knowledge and information which are needed for hospice nursing care more effectively.

The Meaning of Death Seen by Nursing Students through Collage Art Works / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: To understand the meaning of death seen by nursing students through collage art works. METHOD: The qualitative research method and the content analysis were used. The text were collage and related essays written by 42 senior nursing students about the impressions on death through collage art works. RESULT: Statements were classified into three categories and seventeen themes. The three categories include 'efinitions of death', 'feelings about the death', and 'attitudes about the death and the dying patients'. CONCLUSION: It is shown that participants recognize their position as nursing student, although they may not escape the fear of death, will learn to deal with death, and the dying in a suitably professional manner. In this respect, the study is considered to be helpful for the students in learning the knowledge and information which are needed for hospice nursing care more effectively.

The Effects of Semi-Fowler's Position on Post-Operative Recovery in Recovery Room for Patients with Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: To find the effects of semi-Fowler's position on the post-operative recovery for patients with laparoscopic abdominal surgery in recovery room. METHOD: The research was performed by nonequivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experimental design. The subjects are forty patients who had laparoscopic abdominal surgery in a hospital from Aug. thru Nov. of 2003. Post-recovery scores and O2 saturation degree were measured. The experimental group was place in semi fowler's position while the control group was placed in supine position. The homogeneity between the control group and experimental group was analyzed using the Chi-square, and the hypothesis were tested using t-test. RESULT: 1. The patients in the experimental group placed in semi fowler's position showed significant higher post-recovery scores than those in the control group who were in a supine position. 2. The patients in the experimental group who were in semi Fowler's position showed no significant higher O2 saturation degree than those in the control group who were in supine position. CONCLUSION: Based on the results described above, it is considered that the semi-Fowler's position might be effective in enhancing the post-operative recovery score of the patients with laparoscopic abdominal surgery in recovery room.

The Influencing Factors on the Degree of Nurse's Suffering Experience Caring for Terminal Cancer Patient / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The study was undertaken to examine the degree of nurse's suffering experience and to identify the influencing factors on nurses' suffering experience in Korea. METHOD: Data were collected using a questionnaire for 271 nurses working at 5 general hospitals in Daegu and Kyung-book province from Sep. 1, to Sep. 30, 2003. The questionnaire consists of 54 items, general characteristics(10) and nurse's suffering experience(44). All surveys were sorted and studied by frequency analysis, mean score, standard deviation, range, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Multiple regression. RESULT: The findings of this survey indicate 1) The degree of suffering experienced by nurses caring for terminal cancer patients was 2.96; 2) Demographic variables affecting the degree of nurses' suffering experience were age(F=5.62, p=.000), marital status(F=20.53, p=.000), religion(F=5.44, p=.020), career of clinical experience(F=6.96, p=.000), and feelings of end-life care(F=3.11, p=.016); 3) There were slight correlation between the subitem of nurse's suffering experience and general characteristics of subjects. For 'expanding self consciousness', age, career duration, and position; for 'forming empathy with family', age and career duration ; for 'spiritual sublimation', age, and career duration were affected variables. 4) As a result of the multiple regression analysis for predictable variables affecting nurses' suffering, it was found that 'career of clinical experience' was most significant(F=23.100, p=.000). The explanatory power of this regression formula was 17.6%. CONCLUSION: This study can provide the basic data useful towards improvement of nursing services for terminal cancer patients and the health of the nurse.

The Effect of Oral Care with Normal Saline on Oral State of Patients in Intensive Care Unit / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of oral care either with normal saline or with tantum solution on the oral state of the patients in intensive care unit as well as the frequency of bacteria occurrence inside their oral cavities. METHOD: The study was performed from March thru May of 2003 on the nonequivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experimental design. Forty subjects were selected for each group. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 10.0 Win. The pre-experimental homogeneity and post-experimental differences between the two groups were analyzed with t-test. RESULT: There was a significant difference in the oral cavity state between the experimental group that had used normal saline and the control group that had used tantum solution. CONCLUSION: Based on the results described above, it is considered that normal saline is more effective than the tantum solution for the oral care of the patients in intensive care unit.

The Effects of the Rountine Meatal Care with 10% Betadine on the Reduction of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection / 간호학회지

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of routine meatal care on the reduction of catheter-associated urinary tract infection(UTI). The study was carried out on 30 patients with foley catheters in an intensive care unit of a general hospital from September 30 to April 1, 1998, Participants were both male and female. Data were collected from each patients by urinary specimen obtained with aseptic collection technique at the 3rd and the 7th day of the experiment, after giving daily meatal care with 10% betadine for periods ranging from 1st to 7th day to the experimental group but not to the control group. The results are as follows: 1. The rate of urinary tract infection within the experimental group was 0.0%, at the 3rd day of the experiment and 20.0% at the 7th day, but that of the control group was 20.0%at the 3rd day and 7% at the 7th day. There was a significant difference in urinary tract infection rate between the two groups at the 3rd day but no significant difference at the 7th day. 2. In the control group, the rate of UTI was 0.7% for male and 13.3% for female at the 3rd day, and 6.7% for male and 40% for female at the 7th day. In the experimental group, the rate of UTI was 6.7% for male and 0.0%for female at the 3rd day and 13.3% for male and 20% for female at the 3rd day and 13.3% for male and 20% for female at the 7th day of experiment. There was a no significant difference between male and female. 3. By comparing the rate of UTI to the length of time the urinary catheter was in place, the linger the catheter was in place the more significant was the rate of UTI. 4. Microorganisms isolated in the control group were bacteria for 7 cases and fungus for 3 cases but in the experimental group, only 2 cases of bacteria were isolated.

Evaluation of a Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Tool(I) / 성인간호학회지

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the applicability of pressure ulcer risk assessment tool ; the tool used was that developed by Cubbin and Jackson(1991). The subjects of this study were 253 patients in intensive care units. Data were prospectively collected from Feb 21 to June 10, 1997. Data were analyzed by mean, percentage, chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and stepwise multiple regression. The results of the study are as follows : 1. The factors that will predict pressure ulcer development are general skin condition, incontinence, age and hygiene, and there is a positive relationship between low scoring and pressure ulcer development. 2. The prevalence of the pressure ulcer is 38.3%, and the incidence of the pressure ulcer is 21.7%. 3. The most common pressure ulcer site is the sacrum(64.1%) and the next is the heel(7.69%). 4. Additional pressure ulcer risk factors are hemoglobin level and admission period.