ABSTRACT
In order to elucidate the physiological basis for mucosal immunity of oral vaccination and to present the essential carrier of microparticles or nanoparticles used to investigate the orally delivered vaccine, the features of antigen presentation and mucosal immunereaction in gut-associated lymphoid tissues were analyzed. Considered the morphological and physiological barriers of the gastrointestinal tract, absorption and transport of particulates were further discussed. And the studies about particulate dosage forms for oral vaccine delivery were also summarized in this review. Peyer s patches and M-cells, involved in immunoregulation, are significant areas performing the critical role in oral vaccine. The applied vesicle of microparticles could overcome the barriers of gastrointestinal tract. Oral vaccination was endued with new connotation, especially the enhanced transport and immunization efficiencies promoted by the lectin anchored particles. In conclusion, oral vaccination mediated by particulate carrier via mucosal immune system, would contribute to the site-specific triggering and signal magnification. For vaccines, the prospects for the application of these promising carrier systems might have potential attraction for scientific research and commercial development.