Research progress in drugs targeting tumor associated macrophage / 药学学报

Tumor brings great threat to human public health. In recent years, incidence rate and mortality of tumor were rapidly increased in the world. Anti-tumor therapies have undergone the development of cytotoxic therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Among them, tumor immunotherapy is rapidly developed and becomes an important anti-tumor therapy in recent years, although it also brings some related side effects. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of immune cells, vascular vessels, fibroblasts, the extracellular matrix, etc. TME significantly affects the efficacy of immunotherapy. Macrophages in the TME are named as tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Recently, increasing studies have shown that TAMs play an important role in the regulation of tumor immunity, especially in tumor immune surveillance and immune escape. Currently, more and more anti-tumor immunotherapy strategies targeting TAMs are at the development stage. Based on the important role of TAMs in the TME and their potential as therapeutic targets in tumor immunotherapy, we first reviewed the subtypes and functions of TAMs, as well as the roles of TAMs in tumors. Furthermore, we summarized the research progress on anti-tumor strategies targeting TAMs and the current status of drug targeting TAMs. The current review will provide new ideas and novel insights for tumor immunotherapy.

Progress on targets and therapeutic drugs for pancreatic cancer / 药学学报

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. It is very hard to treat pancreatic cancers for their high heterogeneity, complex tumor microenvironment, and drug resistance. Currently, gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel, capecitabine and FOLFIRINOX are standard chemotherapy for resectable or advanced metastatic pancreatic cancer. Considering the limited efficacy and toxic side effects of chemotherapy, targeted and immune drugs have gradually attracted attention and made some progress. In this article, we systematically reviewed the chemotherapeutic drugs, targets and related targeted drugs, and immunotherapy drugs for pancreatic cancer.

Evidence-based standardized nutrition protocol can shorten the time to full enteral feeding in very preterm/very low birth weight infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate whether evidence-based standardized nutrition protocol can facilitate the establishment of full enteral nutrition and its effect on short-term clinical outcomes in very preterm/very low birth weight infants.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 312 preterm infants with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks or a birth weight of <1 500 g. The standardized nutrition protocol for preterm infants was implemented in May 2020; 160 infants who were treated from May 1, 2019 to April 30, 2020 were enrolled as the control group, and 152 infants who were treated from June 1, 2020 to May 31, 2021 were enrolled as the test group. The two groups were compared in terms of the time to full enteral feeding, the time to the start of enteral feeding, duration of parenteral nutrition, the time to recovery to birth weight, the duration of central venous catheterization, and the incidence rates of common complications in preterm infants.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the test group had significantly shorter time to full enteral feeding, time to the start of enteral feeding, duration of parenteral nutrition, and duration of central venous catheterization and a significantly lower incidence rate of catheter-related bloodstream infection (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the mortality rate and the incidence rate of common complications in preterm infants including grade II-III necrotizing enterocolitis (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Implementation of the standardized nutrition protocol can facilitate the establishment of full enteral feeding, shorten the duration of parenteral nutrition, and reduce catheter-related bloodstream infection in very preterm/very low birth weight infants, without increasing the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Splenic tyrosine kinase promotes pulmonary angiogenesis in rats with hepatopulmonary syndrome / 生理学报

The present paper was aimed to study the role of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in angiogenesis in hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and the underlying mechanism. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group (sham group), common bile duct ligation (CBDL) 5-week group (5W group) and R788 intervention group (R788 group). HPS model was established by CBDL. Rats in R788 group were intraperitoneally injected with R788 (20 mg/kg) once daily to week 5 after CBDL operation. The protein expression levels and distribution of Syk, p-Erk1/2, and p-Akt in lung tissue were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the location of Syk expression and the number of angiogenesis in lung tissue. The results showed that, compared with sham group, 5W group exhibited up-regulated protein expression level of Syk, increased phosphorylation levels of Erk1/2 and Akt, and increased number of pulmonary microvessels. Compared with 5W group, R788 group exhibited down-regulated protein expression level of Syk, decreased phosphorylation levels of Erk1/2 and Akt, and decreased number of pulmonary microvessels. These results suggest that Syk may promote pulmonary angiogenesis in HPS model rats by activating downstream Erk1/2 and Akt signaling pathways, which provides a theoretical basis and potential drug therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of HPS.

Preliminary construction of risk assessment tool framework for surgical wound infection / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To construct a risk assessment tool framework for surgical wound infection(SWI). Methods The assessment system was constructed by referring to expert interviews, relevant domestic and foreign literatures, and the latest SW1 guidelines. After two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, the assessment items were drawn up, selected and modified, and the initial scale was established. Results The positive coefficients of two rounds of expert Delphi methods were 84％ and 100％ respectively; expert personal authority coefficient were both ＞75％, the all expert authority coefficient was 0.86; two rounds of Kendall's W coefficients were 0. 450 and 0. 441 respectively (all P く0. 05). The recommendations of two rounds of experts were 26 and 5 items respectively. The final assessment system indexes included 4 first-level indicators, 10 second-level indicators, and 27 third-level indicators. Conclusion The risk assessment tool framework for SWI is preliminarily established, which can provide a scientific basis for the effective evaluation of the risk of postoperative SWI.