Advances in studies on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Adina Salisb / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Adina Salisb, thus providing scientific and theoretical basis for development of this genus.

Protective effects of 3'-methoxy-puerarin on rat brain suffering from ischemia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To research on the protective effect of 3'-methoxy-puerarin (3'-mo-pue) on rat brain suffering from ischemia and to offer the experimental basis for widening the applied areas of Radix Puerariae.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>All rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, control group, Pue group and 3'-mo-pue group. The influence of different dosage on relevant indexes were measured through cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model rat covered by Fecl3, and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model rat after 2VO.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The result showed that 3'-mo-Pue could reduce the scores of neurological deficit, cerebral infarcted zone to varying degrees and the water content of brain tissue in MCAO model. It could obviously increase the activity of CAT and GPx in the hippocampus and also increase the activity of CAT and GPx in the cortex in the ischemia field. Moreover, 3'-mo-Pue could decrease the content of LPO, LD in the brain tissue of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model rat.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>3'-mo-Pue has favorable protective effect on brain suffering from ischemia. The mechanism is possibly related to its effect of anti-oxidation.</p>

Expression NOS in acute lung injury following limb ischemia/reperfusion and its significance in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the expression and role of inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) in acute lung injury following limb ischemia/reperfusion (4h/4h).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: control group, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, L-Arginine (L-Arg) pretreatment group, Aminoguanidine (AG) pretreatment group. The lung tissue of each group was subjected to assay of content of MDA, MPO, W/D and NO2-/NO3-. The expression of iNOS and eNOS was examined with immunohistological staining. The pulmonary morphologic changes were observed under microscope respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The acute lung injury existed after limb ischemia/reperfusion. The eNOS downregulation and iNOS upregulation among I/R, L-Arg and AG groups were observed contrasted to the control group. There was no expressional and statistical difference of iNOS between I/R group and L-Arg group. The expression of eNOS was similar between IR and AG but iNOS expression was downregulated in AG. The parameters of MDA, MPO, W/D and NO2-/NO3- in pulmonary tissue were significantly increased in I/R groups compared with those of the control group. The parameters of L-Arg and AG pretreatment groups in comparison with those of the I/R group showed significantly difference. Based on the results of pulmonary pathology, the congestion and infiltration of inflammatory cells existed obviously in IR group. L-Arg played definite role in militating lung injury and AG might make lung injury aggravated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The NO definite production from iNOS is possible to play a competitivly protective role in acute lung injury following limb ischemia/reperfusion and antagonist of iNOS may aggravate the lung injury.</p>

The protective effect of taurine on lung injury following limbs ischemia/reperfusion of rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>On the model of limb ischemia/reperfusion (LIR), the effects of taurine on pulmonary morphological changes in rats were observed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=8): control group, ischemia/reperfusion group (IR) and taurine + IR (Tau + IR). Then macroscopic inspection and optical and transmission electron microscopies (TEM) were performed to assess the morphological changes of the lung tissues and their lung index (LI) and lung permeability index (LPI) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured as well.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The morphological changes of lung tissue after LIR were characterized by an increase of permeability of the alveoli-capillary membrane and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Under optical microscopy, there were congestion and swelling in pulmonary microvessels with broadened the spaces around the blood vessels. Under TEM, a number of tight-junctional regions between adjacent alveolar epithelial cells and between pulmonary microvessels endothelium were "open". The LI, LPI, MDA and ROS increased. The specimens of Taurine + IR group revealed slight to moderate degrees of damages in the lung tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Taurine protects lung from LIR in rats and the protective action on tight-junctional regions between cells and anti-oxygen is one of the protective mechanisms of taurine.</p>

The effect of nitric oxide on acute lung injury following ischemia/reperfusion of hind limbs in the rat / 生理学报

On a model of reperfusion after ischemia in the hind limbs (LIR) of rats, we used aminoguanidine (AG) which inhibits nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and L-arginine (L-Arg), one of the substrates in the process of nitric oxide synthesis, to observe the changes in NO, NOS, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and wet/dry ratio (W/D) in both skeletal muscles and the lung as well as the changes in phosphatidyl choline (PC) of lung surfactant. The morphologic changes were observed with microscopy. It was observed that the values of NOS, MPO, MDA of the muscle and lung in LIR group increased significantly and the content of PC decreased obviously compared with those of the normal control. Pulmonary observation revealed that after LIR leucocyte assembling and infiltration took place, which was dominated by polymorphocytes with broadened pulmonary interstitial tissue. In LIR+L-Arg group the above changes were reversed, and in LIR+AG group the injuries became more serious. The results obtained suggest that the activity of NOS and the production of NO following ischemia/reperfusion of hind limbs increased significantly, and that the endogenous NO may play a protective role during the early stage of acute lung injury after LIR.

Study on the prognostic factors of patients with invasive bladder cancer after radical surgery / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors affecting the postoperative survival of patients with invasive bladder cancer,and to predict the survival time of the patients.Methods We retro- spectively analyzed the clinical and follow-up data of 178 patients with invasive bladder cancer treated by radical cystectomy and urinary diversion from 1991 to 2004.A multivariate analysis was performed in these patients by the Cox proportional hazard model.A prognostic index(PI)based on the Cox regression was con- structed.According to the individualized PI,the patients were classified into different hazard groups and the expected survival curve of each patient was calculated.Results Cox regression analysis showed that the factors which influenced the postoperative survival included tumor stage(RR=1.982,P=0.000),grade (RR=1.978,P =0.042),lymph node metastasis(RR=2.142,P=0.048),Tis(RR=6.177,P= 0.000),tumor shape(RR=0.416,P=0.003),number of tumors( RR=1.820,P=0.035),pathological type(RR=2.228,P=0.032),patient age(RR=0.672,P=0.025)and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (RR=0.257,P=0.016).Based on the percentile of PI,patients were classified into 3 prognostic groups; the median survival time of 3 groups were 42.5,22.5 and 7.0 months,respectively.There were significant differences between each 2 among the 3 groups(P＜0.01).Conclusions Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, tumor stage,grade,lymph node metastasis,Tis,shape and number of tumors,pathological type,patient age were important prognostic factors.PI value can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with invasive blad- der cancer.

Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney in adults: a clinical and pathologic study / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To study the pathologic and clinical features of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney(MRTK),and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Methods The clinical and pathologic data of 5 patients(4 men and 1 woman;mean age,50 years;age range,21-67 years)with MRTK(3 tumors on the left and 2 on the right)were retrospectively analyzed in combination with review of the relevant literature.Of the 5 cases,I was incidentally diagnosed with renal tumor during physical examina- tion;and 3 had gross hematuria,low back pain and discomfort,and abdominal masses.Results Radical nephrectomy was performed in all 5 cases.The tumors averaged 6.5cm in diameter.By NWTS staging,4 ca- ses had stageⅡtumors and 1 case had stageⅢtumor.Pathological features were as follows.Rhabdoid cells were characterized by eccentric nuclei,prominent nucleoli,and abundant cytoplasm containing eosinophilic inclusions that were strongly positive for vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen(EMA).Electron micros- copy showed intermediate filaments and round,irregular fibroid or whorl-like corpuscles in the cytoplasm. Follow-up was available in 4 patients(mean,6.8 months;range,3-24 months).Of them,2 died of metasta- sis or complications 12 months after operation;and 2 were alive without recurrence and metastasis for 6 months.Conclusions MRTK is a rare and morphologically distinctive neoplasm with specific findings of pathological features.The tumor has a poorer prognosis,but comparatively it is better in adults than in adoles- cents.