ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To study the value of Silverman-Anderson score versus Downes score in predicting respiratory failure in full-term neonates.@*METHODS@#The convenience sampling method was used to select the full-term neonates with lung diseases who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit from July 2020 to July 2021. According to the diagnostic criteria for neonatal respiratory failure, they were divided into a respiratory failure group (65 neonates) and a non-respiratory failure group (363 neonates). Silverman-Anderson score and Downes score were used for evaluation. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to compare the value of the two noninvasive scores in predicting respiratory failure in full-term neonates.@*RESULTS@#Among the 428 full-term neonates, 65 (15.2%) had respiratory failure. The Silverman-Anderson score had a significantly shorter average time spent on evaluation than the Downes score [(90±8) seconds vs (150±13) seconds; P<0.001]. The respiratory failure group had significantly higher points in both the Silverman-Anderson and Downes scores than the non-respiratory failure group (P<0.001). The Silverman-Anderson score had an AUC of 0.876 for predicting respiratory failure, with a sensitivity of 0.908, a specificity of 0.694, and a Youden index of 0.602 at the optimal cut-off value of 4.50 points. The Downes score had an AUC of 0.918 for predicting respiratory failure, with a sensitivity of 0.723, a specificity of 0.953, and a Youden index of 0.676 at the optimal cut-off value of 6.00 points. The Downes score had significantly higher AUC for predicting respiratory failure than the Silverman-Anderson score (P=0.026).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both Silverman-Anderson and Downes scores can predict the risk of respiratory failure in full-term neonates. The Silverman-Anderson score requires a shorter time for evaluation, while the Downes score has higher prediction efficiency. It is recommended to use Downes score with higher prediction efficiency in general evaluation, and the Silverman-Anderson score requiring a shorter time for evaluation can be used in emergency.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Prognosis , ROC Curve , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to prepare porous γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (CD-MOF) with good biocompatibility to improve the in vitro release properties of water-insoluble drugs. Different sizes of CD-MOF were obtained by controlling the self-assembly of γ-cyclodextrin and potassium ion and the rate of crystal growth. The poorly water-soluble diflunisal (DIF) was selected as the model drug and loaded into the interior of porous CD-MOF by the impregnation method. The DIF loaded CD-MOF (DIF-MOF) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), nitrogen adsorption and desorption, Fourier infrared spectrometer and thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity and solubilizing capability of CD-MOF were investigated. It revealed that the obtained CD-MOF was cubic-like with a narrow size distribution and high porosity. Negligible cytotoxicity was found after incubation with RAW264.7 cells. Compared with the pure CD-MOF carrier, the morphology and crystal form of DIF-MOF was not damaged during the drug loading process. Moreover, the solubility and release rate of water-insoluble DIF from the DIF-MOF were significantly increased.
ABSTRACT
A new type of L. Bulgaricus microcapsule was prepared to improve stability and resistance of L.Bulgaricus probiotics in harsh environments. An optimal method of preparation of L. Bulgaricus microcapsule is as follow. L. Bulgaricus was mixed with 3% alginate solution. The concentration of bacterial suspension was 1×109 cfu·mL-1. The mixture was microencapsulated by extrusion into 2% CaCl2 solution with a dispensing equipment. After 30 min solidification, the gel beads were lyophilized to obtain L.Bulgaricus microcapsules. The microencapsulation technology was aimed to improve the stability and survival rate of L. Bulgaricus. The microcapsule was spherical with uniform particle size and intact structure. The tolerance of acid, high temperature, high humidity and the long-term stability of freeze-dried powder and microcapsule were evaluated. The results indicated that microencapsulation technic could greatly improve stability and resistance of L. Bulgaricus probiotics in harsh environments.