ABSTRACT
Tetrapyrrole compounds are a class of compounds with important functions. They exist in living organisms and have been widely used in agriculture, food, medicine, and other fields. The cumbersome process and high cost of chemical synthesis, as well as the shortcomings of unstable quality of animal and plant extraction methods, greatly hampered the industrial production and applications of tetrapyrrole compounds. In recent years, the rapid development of synthetic biology has provided new tools for microorganisms to efficiently synthesize tetrapyrrole compounds from renewable biomass resources. This article summarizes various strategies for the biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole compounds, discusses methods to improve its biosynthesis efficiency and future prospects, with the aim to facilitate the research on biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole compounds.
Subject(s)
Biomass , Plants/genetics , Synthetic Biology , TetrapyrrolesABSTRACT
Objective To assess the pain of patients with disorders of consciousness(DOC) and e-valuate the reliability and validity of Chinese version of Nociception Coma Scale- revised ( NCS-R). Meth-ods Sixty-two patients with disorders of consciousness were assessed by NCS-R and the internal reliability, inter-rater reliability,test-retest reliability and concurrent validity was analyzed. Results Cronbach's alpha (α) of internal reliability was 0. 611, test-retest reliability for the NCS-R total scores by spearman was 0. 884. For the subscales,the reliability for the motor,verbal and facial subscale scores by Cronbach's kappa were 0. 856,0. 870 and 0. 856 respectively. Inter-rater reliability for the NCS-R total scores by spearman was 0. 662. For the subscales,the reliability for the motor,verbal and facial subscale scores by Cronbach's kappa were 0. 962,0. 867 and 0. 671 respectively. The spearman coefficient of concurrent validity was 0. 560 (all P<0. 01). Conclusion The NCS-R is a good valid scale and available for Chinese clinician and researchers to assess the pain of DOC patients.