ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the anatomical characteristics of human hepatic anterior fissure vein.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was used. A total of 22 adult cadaver specimens were collected from the Department of Human Anatomy of Harbin Medical University from March 2018 to March 2021. There were 15 males and 7 females, aged 45(range, 18?75)years. Observation indicators: (1) recognition rate of hepatic anterior fissure vein and the location of hepatic anterior fissure vein merging into hepatic vein; (2) length of hepatic anterior fissure vein and the opening diameter of hepatic anterior fissure vein merging into hepatic vein; (3) location of hepatic anterior fissure vein and the ventral hepatic vein of segment Ⅷ of liver (V8v) as well as V8v condition; (4) relationship among hepatic anterior fissure vein, anterior ventral portal vein and anterior dorsal portal vein. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and t test was used for comparison between groups. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range), and count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages. Results:(1) Recognition rate of hepatic anterior fissure vein and the location of hepatic anterior fissure vein merging into hepatic vein. The recognition rate of hepatic anterior fissure vein of 22 liver samples was 90.9% (20/22). There were 9.1%(2/22) of liver samples without hepatic anterior fissure vein. The proportions of hepatic anterior fissure vein merging into proximal middle hepatic vein and proximal right hepatic vein were 19/20 and 1/20, respectively. There was no liver sample with hepatic anterior fissure vein merging into distal middle hepatic vein and distal right hepatic vein. (2) Length of hepatic anterior fissure vein and the opening diameter of hepatic anterior fissure vein merging into hepatic vein. In the 20 liver samples with hepatic anterior fissure vein, the length of hepatic anterior fissure vein was (6.41±1.26)cm, and the opening diameter of hepatic anterior fissure vein merging into hepatic vein was (0.38±0.10)cm. (3) Location of anterior fissure vein and the V8v and V8v condition. In the 22 liver samples, there were 25 V8v branches merging into the proximal middle hepatic vein, with the V8v length as (3.83±0.36)cm and the V8v diameter as (0.16±0.08)cm. In the 17 liver samples with both hepatic anterior fissure vein and V8v, the proportion of V8v merging into hepatic anterior fissure vein and then into middle hepatic vein was 14/17, the proportion of hepatic anterior fissure vein and V8v merging into middle hepatic vein separately was 3/17, and there was no liver sample with hepatic anterior fissure vein merging into right hepatic vein and V8v merging into middle hepatic vein. (4) Relationship among hepatic anterior fissure vein, anterior ventral portal vein and anterior dorsal portal vein. Of the 20 liver samples with hepatic anterior fissure vein, the hepatic anterior fissure vein of 16 liver samples could be used as the demarcation mark of anterior ventral segment and anterior dorsal segment of hepatic right anterior region. The distance between the hepatic anterior fissure vein and anterior ventral portal vein was (1.40±0.43)cm, and that between the hepatic anterior fissure vein and anterior dorsal portal vein was (1.46±0.63)cm, showing no significant difference between them ( t=1.00, P>0.05). Conclusion:The hepatic anterior fissure vein exists in most normal adult livers, and it mostly merges into proximal middle hepatic vein. The hepatic anterior fissure vein can be identified by the condition of V8v. The hepatic anterior fissure vein can be used as the demarcation mark of anterior ventral segment and anterior dorsal segment of hepatic right anterior region.
ABSTRACT
Hepatic cellular carcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer deaths in China.Partial hepatectomy is still the most effective treatment for hepatic cellular carcinoma.The liver is an organ with strong regenerative ability,and its regenerative mechanism is very complex.Majority of patients with hepatic cellular carcinoma are accompanied by cirrhosis,and cirrhosis is an important factor affecting the regeneration of the remaining liver after surgery.Liver regeneration is obviously impaired under this condition.However,the anti-liver fibrosis mechanisms behind these processes have not been completely elucidated,the current treatment of fibrosis is merely supportive care,and thus further definition of the antiliver fibrosis related factors such as keratinocyte growth factor,hepatocyte growth factor,milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8,collagen-binding vascular endothelial growth factor,ex vivo expansion of circulating CD34+ cells has far-reaching significance for improving their prognosis.This article mainly introduces some relevant factors associated with anti liver fibrosis,for later use of single factor or a combination of multifarious factors to resist liver fibrosis,to provide reference for improving the ability of remained liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
ABSTRACT
Cystatin Cystatin(CST)is a class of proteins that inhibit cysteine proteases and are widely distributed in human body fluid and secretion.The present study shows that the CST superfamily is closely related to the tumor,in which the cysteine protease inhibitor SN is the product expressed by the CST1 gene and is abnormal expression in various tumors.However,its occurrence and development of tumor as well as effects of invasion and metastasis on the specific mechanism is not yet clear.In this paper,we retrospectively analyze the related studies in recent years and review the progress of CST1 gene in tumor.