ABSTRACT
Currently, the total ureteral avulsion are mainly secondary to ureteroscopy, and it is rarely caused by uterine evacuation clinically. This paper reported a case of total ureter avulsion after uterine evacuation, treating by ileal replacement for ureter under general anesthesia, and the surgical outcome was good. Uterine evacuation is a routine, less risky procedure, but it also can lead to serious complications such as total ureteral avulsion or bladder rupture. For potential high-risk patients with uterine evacuation, preventive measures such as accurate localization under B-ultrasound guidance or pre-operative ureteral stents indwelling are useful to avoid the occurrence of such serious complications. If total ureteral avulsion occurs, ileal replacement for ureter is a viable and effective treatment.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Natural colagen is considered to have low immunogenicity and good biocompatibility relatively. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the immunogenicity of animal-based colagenin vitro. METHODS:Type I colagen was extracted from bovine tendon after immunogenicity removal. The colagen purity was detected by high performance liquid chromatography and residual DNA was measured quantitatively by fluorescence staining. Fifty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: subcutaneous injection of normal saline solution (negative control), bovine colagen (positive control), 33.4, 66.8, 133.4 mg/kg of bovine tendon colagen, respectively, once a day. After 12 days of continuously subcutaneous injection, lymphocyte proliferation, and cel classification and NK cel kiling function of mice were detected; after 3 weeks of continuous injection, the spleen, liver, spleen and lung tissue of mice were taken for histological examination. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the standard type I colagen, the purity of purified type I bovine colagen reached more than 99%, but the residual DNA was below 1 mg/L which was far less than the residue level of conventional cel-free DNA in the matrix (dry weight: 50-100 μg/g). After 12 days of continuous injection, there were no changes in lymphocyte proliferation, NK cel kiling function and the proportion of lymphocyte subsets. After 3 weeks of injection, the spleen and lymph sheath of mice around the smal artery became thickened in the 66.8 and 133.6 mg/kg bovine tendon colagen groups, which could cause accidental liver injury and lung injury, but the splenic corpuscle germinal center area had no change. These findings indicate that continuously subcutaneous injection of animal-based colagen can cause the lower lymphocyte immune response to the spleen of BALB/c mice, which may cause accidental liver and lung injuries.