ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the microbiological trends and antibiotic susceptibility of peritoneal dialysis(PD)-related peritonitis (PDAP).Methods All patients who developed PDAP between 2004 and 2015 in Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were enrolled.Demographic data,results of dialysate pathogen culture and drug susceptibility test were recorded.The trend of peritonitis incidence was measured by Poisson regression and the chi-square test or Fisher exact test method was used to compare the composition of causative organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibilities over time.Results During the study period,a total of 711 episodes of PDAP were occurred in 386 patients.The culture positive rate of pathogens rose from 52.0％ in 2004 to 77.0％ in 2015 (P ＜ 0.001).The distribution of causative organisms of the culture positive peritonitis was gram-positive bacteria (270,59.5％),followed by gram-negative bacteria (129,28.4％),polymicrobial(39,8.6％),fungi (15,3.3％) and mycobacteria (1,0.2％).From 2004 to 2015,the incidence of peritonitis decreased from 0.214 to 0.160 episodes/patient·year (P=0.034).The incidence of coagulase-negative staphylococcus peritonitis decreased from 0.049 to 0.027 episodes/patient · year (P=0.025),while others had no significant change;A significant decline was observed in the sensitivity of Gram-positive strains to the first generation cephalosporin and ampicillin/sulbactam in 2010-2015 group compared with those in 2001-2009 group (61.3％ vs 88.2％,P ＜ 0.001;61.7％ vs 85.5％,P=0,001),whereas the sensitivity to vancomycin remained the same.The sensitivity of Gram-negative strains to ceftazidime and amikacin showed no significant change.As for the gram-positive peritonitis treated with cefradine as empirical treatment,compared with those in 2004-2009 group,in 2010-2015group the proportion of patients requiring to change their treatment regime was significantly higher,and the treatment course was longer.Conclusions A gradual decline is observed in the incidence of PDAP and the culture positive rate of pathogens improves.Peritonitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococcus decreases overtime.The present empirical treatment protocols may need re-evaluation considering the decreased rate of the first generation cephalosporin sensitivity in recent years.