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Objective@#To investigate nutritional quality of school lunch in some primary schools and middle schools in the Pearl River Delta, and to provide the scientific basis for improving the nutritional quality of students lunch and formulating scientific and effective interventions.@*Methods@#Five-day lunch meal survey by chemical analysis were conducted, and students lunch at school were recorded by meal review in three age groups from 8 primary and middle schools in the Pear River Delat area. The energy and nutrient content were obtained and compared with the reference intake of dietary nutrients of student.@*Results@#The average protein intake at lunch of all age groups had reached the recommended standard (80%-95%), the energy supply ratio of carbohydrate in the range of 38.3%-42.3%, the energy supply ratio of fat in 63% school meal exceeded the recommended standard. Vitamin A, vitamin B 1, vitamin B 2, calcium, iron and other nutrients were seriously inadequate; while sodium intake far exceeded the recommended standard.@*Conclusion@#The main nutrients of school lunch of primary and middle school in Pearl River Delta can basically meet the growth and development needs, but there are still some deficiency and unbalanced diet nutrient content which are lower than the recommended intake. It is recommended to strengthen nutrition education of catering enterprises and school to improve the scientific combination of diets.
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Objective@#To explore the clinical and pathological features and mutational types and their relations with WT1 mutation-associated nephropathy (WT1MAN).@*Methods@#The clinical and pathological data and the results of WT1 mutation analysis of the cases from Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University whom we recruited recently and reported during the last ten years were analyzed.@*Results@#Totally, 20 cases (6 males and 14 females), included 5 newly diagnosed cases, were recruited. (1) Ten children were diagnosed with Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS): The median onset age of proteinuria was 1 year and 7 months. Diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS) were revealed in 3 cases, minimal lesions (MCD) in 4 cases, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 1 case; renal pathology was not available in the other 2 cases. Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening was observed in 2 cases. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) were administered in 5 cases, complete remission of proteinuria was observed in 3 cases, partial remission in the other 2 cases. Genetic analysis revealed that six cases had WT1 missense mutation, 3 had nonsense mutation, and 1 had frameshift mutation. (2) Two cases were diagnosed with Frasier syndrome (FS): proteinuria was observed at 1 year and 1 month of age and 1 year and 9 months of age, respectively. FSGS with GBM layering were observed in both cases. They progressed to ESRD at 1 year and 6 months of age and 6 years and 6 months of age, respectively. CNI was tried in 1 case with partial proteinuria remission. Both patients were detected to have WT1 splice mutation. (3) Isolated nephropathy (IN) was observed in 8 cases: three had splice mutation, 5 had missense mutation. Of the 3 patients with splice mutation, one was found to have nephropathy and renal failure at the age of 5 months. The other two cases (1 was FSGS and another MCD), both had GBM layering. CNIs were tried on both of them, one got partial remission with normal renal function at the age of fourteen years, the other one had no response and entered ESRD at the age of 6 years and 9 months. Of the 5 cases with missense mutation, 3 had DMS, 2 of them entered ESRD within 6 months of age, another case had DMS entered ESRD at 9 years of age. One case with FSGS, was treated with CNIs and got complete remission.@*Conclusions@#Slow progression (7/10) nephropathy was observed in DDS patients. Missense mutation (11/20) was the most common type of WT1 variants, followed by splice mutation (5/20) in this group of patients. Early onset nephropathy (4/5), rapid progression (4/5) and GBM layering (4/4) wereobserved in patients with splice mutation. CNI was effective in reducing or even eliminating proteinuria in WT1 MAN patients (8/9).
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Objective To assess the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants and to evaluate the effects of nutritional support and morbidities on EUGR.Methods Data of VLBW preterm infants ＜ 34 weeks of gestation admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University between January 1,2005 and December 31,2010 were reviewed.Those VLBW preterm infants were divided into the EUGR group (n=67) and the non-EUGR group (n=40).Perinatal data,growth data,nutritional information and morbidities were compared between the two groups.The incidence of EUGR in VLBW preterm infants was assessed and the associated risk factors were analyzed.Independent samples t,Chi-square and rank sum tests and Logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analyses.Results A total of 107 VLBW infants survived to discharge.The average gestational age in the EUGR group was much lower than that in the non-EUGR group [(30.0±2.1) weeks vs (30.9 ± 1.1) weeks,t=2.904,P=0.002].However,the incidences of small for gestational age (SGA) and maternal hypertension in the EUGR group was higher than that in the non-EUGR group [SGA:53.7％ (36/67) vs 15.0％ (6/40),x2=15.575,P ＜ 0.01; maternal hypertension:40.3％ (27/67) vs 20.0％ (8/40),x2=4.689,P=0.030].Standard deviation score (SDS) of birth weight and weight at discharge in the EUGR group was lower than that in the non-EUGR group [SDS of birth weight:(--1.9±0.8) vs (--1.1±0.7),t=5.418; weight at discharge:-2.6 (-3.0--2.0) vs-0.5 (-0.9--0.1),U=30.271; both P ＜ 0.01].The velocity of weight gain in the EUGR group was lower than that in the non-EUGR group [(12.0±4.4) g/(kg · d) vs (16.1±4.0) g/(kg · d),t=1.879,P=0.036],while the maximum percentage of weight loss and the age at maximum weight loss in the EUGR group was higher than that in the non-EUGR group [percentage of weight loss:(13.2± 1.7)％ vs (9.0± 1.6)％,t=12.832,P ＜ 0.01; age:(13.4±3.5) vs (10.9±4.3) d,t=3.113,P=0.001].The time to achieve full enteral feeds,3 g/(kg · d) protein and 120 kcal/(kg · d) calories intake were longer in than the EUGR group [(39.7 ± 8.2) vs (30.8±6.1) d,t=6.293,P=0.007; (21.4±5.8) vs (17.5±1.3) d,t=4.286,P=0.002; (28.4±6.0) vs (20.3±5.4) d,t=7.198,P=0.015; 1 kcal=4.184 k J].The cumulative caloric deficit and cumulative protein deficit in the first two weeks of life in the EUGR group were significantly higher than those in the non-EUGR group [(600.9±49.3) vs (536.4 ± 55.2) kcal/kg,t=6.082,P ＜ 0.01; (17.4 ± 0.8) vs (12.4 ± 0.8) g/kg,t=31.279,P=0.003,respectively].The incidences of late-onset infection and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the EUGR group was significantly higher than that in the non-EUGR group [77.6％ (52/67) vs 40.0％ (16/40),x2=15.300,P ＜ 0.01;38.8％ (26/67) vs 17.5％ (7/40),x2=5.330,P=0.040,respectively].The length of oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation in the EUGR group were significantly longer than that in the non-EUGR group [(44.5 ±4.5) vs (32.5± 1.5) d,t=20.042,P=0.030; 9.5(6.5-44.0) d vs 6.2(5.0-35.5) d,U=19.195,P=0.004,respectively].Logistic regression analysis showed that SGA,gestational age,BPD,late-onset infection,time to achieve full enteral feeds and 3 g/(kg · d) protein intake and the cumulative caloric deficit in the first two weeks after birth were the independent risk factors for EUGR (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions EUGR remains a serious issue in VLBW preterm infants,especially SGA,in the NICU.An early aggressive nutritional strategy,prevention of BPD and infection,and improvement of perinatal care may facilitate a reduction in the occurrence of EUGR.
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[Objective] To observe the effect of cyclosporine A (CSA) on the activity and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in renal tubular epithelial cells. [Methods] NRK52E cells were cultured until its reached confluent. Then NRK52E cells were exposed to different concentration of CSA (0, 0.42, 0.84, 4.2, and 8.4 μmoL/L) for 48 h or 72 h respectively. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were detected by gelatin zymography. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. [Results] MMP-2 activity and mRNA levels were decreased in a dose dependent manner after exposed to different concentration of CSA for 48 h or 72 h in NRK52E cells. Compared with control (CSA 0 μmoL/L), CSA 0.42, 0.84, 4.2, 8.4 μmoL/L decreased the MMP-2 activities to 27%, 24%, 11%, and 9% respectively; The differences are significant, P<0.05. But the MMP-9 activity and mRNA levels were increased after exposed to CSA for 48 h or 72 h in NRK52E cells. Compared with control group, CSA 4.2 μmoL/L exposure increased MMP-9 activity to 438% in 48 h, and 237% in 72 h; the differences are significant as well, P<0.05. [Conclusion] A dose-dependent decrease in the expression and activity of MMP-2, and the up-regulation of the expression and activity of MMP-9 by CSA in renal epithelial cells may related to CSA associated tubulointerstitial damage.
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Objective To evaluate the feasibility and utility of three different assays on early diagnosis and monitoring of neonatal congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Methods Ninety-eight neonates whose mother was CMV-IgM positive during pregnancy were examined on the 14th days after birth for CMV antigen in blood and PCR-CMV-DNA in the saliva. Three different methods were applied including CMV antigenemia assay, PCR for CMV-DNA and ELISA for serum CMV-IgM. Neonates were followed up for six months. Results (1) Forty-eight of the 98 neonates were diagnosed as congenital CMV infection including 7 symptomatic infection and 41 asymptomatic. None of the 98 subjects was CMV-IgM positive. Among the 7 symptomatic cases, the positive rates of CMV antigen and PCR-CMV-DNA were 100%(7), 71.4%(5), and 70.7%(29/41), 46.3%(19/41) in the asymptomatic group, respectively. The sensitivity of CMV antigenemia assay and PCR was 75.0% and 54.2%, respectively. The CMV antigenemia index of the symptomatic cases was significantly higher than that of asymptomatic ones [(16-52)/50 000 vs (3-31)/50 000 white blood cells, P
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Objective To examine the expression of cell cycle regulatory protiens in renal tubulointerstitial cells of human glomerulonephritis. Methods Immunohisochemieal studies were performed on 19 specimen from renal biopsy to detect cyclin Dl, cyclin A, p21 and proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA) . Results Cyclin Dl, cyclin A and p21 were positive in some of tubulointerstitial cells, and showed significant correlations with positive PCNA cells. The numbers of tubular positive cells in both groupsofⅠand Ⅱ degree of histopathological change were more than those of other groups. The numbers of interstitialpositive cells showed significant correlations with the degree of tubulointerstitial histopathological change and the value of urine NAG. Conclusion Cell cycle regulatory proteins regulate the proliferation of tubular and interstitial cells, and correlate with the interstitial fibrosis.