Primary triple head and neck tumors: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas, Kaposi's sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Simultaneously triple head and neck malignancies are extremely rare. We report a case who had epithelial and mesenchymal malignant tumor with lymphoid malignancy in head and neck area. A patient who is 74 year old male patient presented to the otorhinolaryngology department with severe breathing difficulty due to laryngeal mass. The result of laryngeal biopsy was invasive SCCs, so patient underwent total larygectomy and bilateral level 2,3,4 neck disection operation. Primary 3 different type head and neck tumors were observed with histopathological examination. These were orderly invasive SCCs in larynx, B-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in tongue root and one lymph node of left neck dissection material, Kaposi's sarcoma in one lymph node of right neck dissection material. Although synchronous head and neck tumors occurs very rare with laryngeal carcinoma, the neck dissection materials should be researched for synchronous tumors.

Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on retinal damage after traumatic brain injury / Efectos del ester fenetílico del ácido cafeico en el daño de la retina después de una lesion cerebral traumática

SUMMARY: Head trauma damages the optic nerve visual function and visual acuity.Effects of head trauma on the retina was investigated with biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical respects.The study was conducted on 30 rats with three groups: group 1 was control group (n=10). Second group was head-traumatized group (n=10) and last group was head-traumatized+Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE, i.p. 20ml/kg/day). Upon head was traumatized, CAPE was applied to trauma+CAPE group and then for the following four days. At the end of 5th day, rats were anesthetized with ketamine hydroxide and then blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis. MDA and GSH-Px values were compared. After blood sample, total eyes of rats were dissected for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. In trauma group, degeneration in retinal photoreceptor cells, disintegrity and in inner and outer nuclear layers, hypertrophy in ganglion cells, and hemorrhage in blood vessels were observed. In the group treated with CAPE, lesser degeneration in photoreceptor cells, regular appearances of inner and outer nuclear layers, mild hemorrhage in blood vessels of ganglionic cell layer were observed. The apoptotic changes caused by trauma seen in photoreceptor and ganglionic cells were decreased and cellular organization was preserved due to CAPE treatment. CAPE was thought to induce healing process on traumatic damages.

RESUMEN: El trauma craneal daña la función visual del nervio óptico y la agudeza visual. Se investigaron los efectos del traumatismo craneal en la retina con aspectos bioquímicos, histológicos e inmunohistoquímicos. El estudio se realizó en 30 ratas distribuidas en tres grupos: grupo control (n = 10); grupo con traumatismo craneal (n = 10); grupo con traumatismo craneoencefálico + Éster fenetílico de ácido cafeico (CAPE, i.p. 20 ml / kg / día). Sobre la cabeza traumatizada, se aplicó CAPE a trauma + grupo CAPE durante los siguientes cuatro días. Al final del día 5, las ratas se anestesiaron con hidróxido de ketamina y luego se tomaron muestras de sangre para el análisis bioquímico. Se compararon los valores de MDA y GSH-Px. Después de la muestra de sangre, se disecaron los ojos de las ratas para su análisis histopatológico e inmunohistoquímico. En el grupo de traumatismos, se observó degeneración en las células fotorreceptoras retinianas, desintegridad en capas nucleares internas y externas, hipertrofia en células ganglionares y hemorragia en los vasos sanguíneos. En el grupo tratado con CAPE, se observó una menor degeneración en las células fotorreceptoras, apariciones regulares de capas nucleares internas y externas, hemorragia leve en los vasos sanguíneos de la capa de células ganglionares. Los cambios apoptóticos causados por el trauma visto en el fotorreceptor y las células ganglionares disminuyeron y la organización celular se conservó debido al tratamiento con CAPE. Se concluyó que CAPE induce un proceso de curación en daños traumáticos.

Multiple myeloma: relationship to antioxidant esterases

To investigate the role of desert hedgehog [Dhh] in a neurodevelopmental disorder known as autism. This study was conducted at the Autism Research and Treatment Center, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from October 2011 to May 2012. The serum levels of the Dhh protein in 57 patients recently diagnosed with autism and 37 age-matched healthy children were measured using ELISA. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale [CARS] was used for the assessment of autistic severity. The mean serum level of Dhh in patients with autism [1.38 +/- 0.50 ng/ml] was significantly lower [p = 0.0003] than that of normal controls [1.73 +/- 0.37 ng/ml]. There was no significant relationship between the serum level of Dhh and the CARS score [p = 0.28], age [p = 0.51] or gender [p = 0.76]. The Dhh serum level of patients with autism was lower than that of controls, probably indicating that the serum level of Dhh might be implicated in the physiology of autism. However, this finding should be treated with caution until further investigations are performed with larger populations