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Stroke is a type of neurological disease with high morbidity,disability,and mortality.It has become a global public health problem.At present,the stroke burden in countries around the world has shown an upward trend.This article reviews the extent of population health hazards caused by stroke,as well as the evaluation of economic burden of the disease.
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AIM:Neural stem cells(NSCs)and their supporting factors are related to nerve regeneration after central nerve injury, but there are few evidences for the changes of NSCs and their derived supporting factors.This study explores the change of NSCs and gene expression of stem cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cell supporting factor(SDNSF)in the injured spinal cord tissues of rats,and investigates the relation between the NSCs and expressions of SDNSF. METHODS:The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Nantong University Neuroscience Institute between September 2005 and March 2006.①A total of 27 SD rats,cleaning grade,were offered by the Animal Experimental Center of Nantong University.Twelve rats used for immunohistochemistry assay were divided into sham operation group and spinal cord injury group,while other 15 rats used for RT-PCR detection were assigned into sham operation group and spinal cord injury group.All the disposals were in agreement with the ethical standard for animals.②The spinal cord contusion model of rats was established according to Allen's falling strike method.Laminectomy was conducted without strike in the sham operation group.The quantity and morphology of NSCs,gila cells and SDNSF-positive cells were observed by immunochemistry to detect expressions of nestin,glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and SDNSF in the injured spinal cord on days 8 and 16 after injury.The expression of SDNSF mRNA in the injured spinal cord was studied by semi-quantitative RT-PCR on days 4,8,12,16 after injury. RESULTS:①There were nestin-positive cells about central canal of spinal cord in the sham operation group.The nestin-positive cells showed erupted roots,migrated peripherally and proliferation,some GFAP-positive cells emerged and the SDNSF-positive cells were observed,which were similar to neuron on morphology on day 8 after injury.The quantity of nestin-positive cells decreased obviously,there were a number of GFAP-pesitive cells and few SDNSF-positive cells were showed on day 16 after injury.②RT-PCR revealed that SDNSF mRNA expressed in normal rate,and the expression was up-regulated on day 4 after injury,peaked on day 8,and decreased to the normal level on day 16. CONCLUSION:①There are some NSCs about the central canal of spinal cord,which proliferate and soon may differentiate to gila cell after injury in normal rats.②SDNSF is expressed in the normal spinal cord.The expression of SDNSF mRNA in the spinal cord varies with injured time,accompanying the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. There are intimate relations between NSCs and expression of SDNSF in the repair of spinal cord injury.
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Delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS) is an important incapacitating or lethal cause after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH),but the patho-physiological process was vague. The effective drugs of treating DCVS are particularly important including ion channel blockers or openers,endothelin synthetic inhibitor or receptor antagonist,anti-inflammatory agents,antioxidants,fibrinolytic agents,traditional Chinese herbs,etc. The article reviews the research progress in the preclinical and clinical pharmacotherapy on DCVS after SAH,and explores the applications and effects and debates about these therapeutic drugs at present.
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Objective To investigate the effect of normal saline(NS)of different temperature on morphological changes and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)expression of spinal cord.Methods The spinal canal of 96 SD adult rats was opened at T9.which of 24 rats was flushed with 37 ℃ NS,24 with 20 ℃ NS,24 with 4 ℃ NS respectively,and which of 24 rats in control group received no flushing.The spinal canal was closed one hour later,and the spinal cord was taken out 24 hours later.Then the water content in spinal cord was determined by dry-wet method.The morphological changes of spinal cord were observed under light microscope and the electronic microscope.The amount of NOS-positive neuron was measured by ?-NADPH histochemical methods.Results The water content in spinal cord was(66.53?0.61)% in control group,(66.75?1.00)% in 37 ℃ group,(70.55?0.77)% in 20 ℃ group,(71.92?2.50)% in 4 ℃ group.The spinal cord of control group and 37 ℃ group contained less water than that of 20 ℃ group and 4 ℃ group.There were no obvious morphological changes in the control group and 37 ℃ group.In 20 ℃ and 4 ℃ groups,the demyelination of axon,swelling of cell body and the disappearance of tigroid body were observed under light microscope,the partial disaggregation of medullary sheath,swelling of mitochondria and disappearance of mitochondria crista could be observed under electron microscope.The amount of NOS-positive neuron in spinal cord was(18.75?2.12),(18.63?1.41),(14.75?1.67),(8.13?1.25)in control,37 ℃,20 ℃ and 4 ℃ groups,respectively.The control group and 37 ℃ group showed more NOS-positive neuron than those of 20 ℃ group and 4 ℃ group.Conclusion NS below 20 ℃ can injury spinal cord.It is suitable to choose 37 ℃ NS to flush brain and spinal card during operation.
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Objective: To study the effect of dexamethasone in differentiating human glioma cell line .Methods: The human glioma cell line was incubated with l mg/L dexamethasone in 1640 culture medium with 10% vitulary serum for 48 hours. The cell form was observed by contrapositive microscope,and PHA was used to induce the agglutination of these cells.Mitotic index and AgNOR amount was counted. The expression of GFAP was detected by immunocytochemisty.Rusults: SHG 44 cells incubated with dexamethasone adhered to plate firmly and its shape became astroid .The agglutination degree and mitotic index decreased significantly .The Ag NOR was atrophied and its amount decreased.The Immunocytochemistry showed the content of GFAP increased sign ficantly.Conclusion: Dexamethasone plays a role in differentiating human glioma cell.