ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#The phenotype maintenance of diced cartilage is a very important factor to reduce cartilage absorption rate in augmentation rhinoplasty. A novel method which combined diced cartilage with chondrocyte spheroids in gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel may have potentially good performance in phenotype maintenance, and is worth exploring. @*METHODS@#The complex grafts formed by loading diced cartilage with chondrocyte spheroids into GelMA hydrogel were used as the experimental group, and the grafts formed of diced cartilage in GelMA were used as the control group.The two groups of grafts were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice. After 1 month and 3 months, the grafts were taken for general observation and histological analysis. The diameter changes of cartilage, the nuclei loss of chondrocyte, and glycosaminoglycan secretion were analyzed. @*RESULTS@#Chondrocyte spheroids with obvious proliferation can be seen in the experimental group. Some diced cartilages had become a whole through the interconnection of chondrocyte spheroids. In addition, the diameter of the chondrocyte spheroids—diced cartilage complex in the experimental group increased significantly, and its nuclei loss rate was less than 1/2 of that in the control group. The maintenance of proteoglycans in diced cartilages in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group. @*CONCLUSION@#The combination of diced cartilage with chondrocyte spheroids in GelMA hydrogel can significantly reduce the absorption of cartilage extracellular matrix, enhance phenotype maintenance during subcutaneous ectopic implantation, and can produce inter-chondral connections.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the clinical effect and safety of tramadol hydrochloride sustained-release tablets for subcutaneous venous malformation polidocanol sclerotherapy.@*Methods@#The experimentation was designed in block randomization. 106 patients with subcutaneous venous malformations from May 2016 to November 2017, which in line with the inclusion criteria, were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 53 cases in each group. Experimental group patients took 100 mg tramadol hydrochloride sustained-release tablet 1 hour before operation, while control group patients took nothing. Both group underwent polidocanol foam injection therapy guided by the color ultrasound, to observe the effect of operative analgesia, postoperative analgesia (VAS grade) and complications. The data was analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software. Comparison between two groups was done with independent sample t test and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.@*Results@#The pain sensation(VAS grade) in surgery in experimental group(3.02±1.118)were significantly reduced than control group(6.30±1.514) (t=-12.701, P=0.000). 2 hours after operation the pain sensations decreased in both groups, but experimental group(0.23±0.577)were still better than which in control group(0.60±0.987)(t=-2.403, P=0.018). Three patients of experimental group(5.7%) felt mild nausea, and no other severe complications nor adverse effects occured.@*Conclusions@#Oral tramadol hydrochloride sustained-release tablets is one of safe, simple and effective way to achieve satisfactory preemptive analgesia for venous malformation polidocanol foam sclerotherapy.