Effect of all-trans retinoic acid on maturation and differentiation of mouse hepatic progenitor cells induced by bone morphogenetic protein 9 and its mechanism / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the effect of 1 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L all trans retinoic acid（ATRA） on bone morphogenetic protein 9（BMP9）-induced maturation and differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells. Methods BMP9, BMP9 + 1 μmol/L ATRA and BMP9 + 10 μmol/L ATRA acted on HP14-19, respectively. The expression of albumin-drive gussid（LAB-Glus） was detected by luciferase reporter gene. The mRNA levels of ALB, cytokeratin 18（CK18）, tyrosine aminotransferase（TAT）, apolipoprotein B（ApoB） were detected by Real-time PCR. The expressions of ALB and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1 A（UGT1 A） were detected by immunofluorescence. Periodic acid-schiff（PAS） staining and indocyanine green（ICG） uptake assay were used to detect the metabolism and glycogen synthesis of hepatocytes. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of retinoic acid receptor（RAR）α, RARβ、RARγ and BMP9 signal related molecules Samd1, Samd 5 and Samd 8. Ad-siRARα、Ad-siRARβ、Ad-siRARγ infected cells were treated with BMP9+10 μmol/L ATRA, the cell morphology and PAS staining result were observed, the mRNA levels of ALB, CK18, TAT and ApoB were detected by Real-time PCR. Results BMP9 could significantly induce the maturation and differentiation of HP14-19 cells. The morphology of HP14-19 cells looked like polygonal paving stone. The expressions of ALB, CK18, ApoB and UGT1 A were significantly up-regulated. Some cells had the function of metabolic detoxification and glycogen synthesis. Compared with the BMP9 group, BMP9+1 μmol/L ATRA group had more mature morphology and larger volume. The expressions of Alb, CK18, ApoB and UGT1 A were up-regulated significantly（P＜0.05）. The number of ICG and PAS positive cells increased. Compared with the BMP9+1 μmol/L ATRA group, BMP9 + 10 μmol/L ATRA group showed long spindle, spindle and polygonal shapes, and the expression of hepatocyte related markers decreased, and the number of ICG and PAS positive cells decreased. ATRA（1 μmol/L） significantly increased the expression of RARα, RARβ and RARγ. Compared with the 1 μmol/L ATRA group, 10 μmol/L ATRA group only increased the expression of RARα. BMP9 did not affect the expression levels of Samd1, Samd5 and Samd8, but up-regulated their phosphorylation. Ad-siRARα could improve cell morphology and PAS staining induced by 10 μmol/L ATRA, while increased the expression of Alb and CK18（P＜0.05）. Conclusion ATRA（1 μmol/L） can promote the maturation and differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells（HPCs） induced by BMP9, while 10 μmol/L ATRA can weaken the differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells. Excessive ATRA may over activate RARα signal to affect the differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells.

Analysis of the positive conversion rate of negative spouse and survival analysis on HIV sero－discordant couples / 中华疾病控制杂志

@#Objective To analyze the positive conversion rate of negative spouse and the survival analysis on HIV sero－discordant couples． Methods Data were collected from the case report database of the integrated AIDS prevention and control data and information system． HIV sero－discordant couples diagnosed between September 1，1997 and September 1，2018 were recruited into the cohort． The participants were divided into three groups as untreated subgroup，routine treatment subgroup and early treatment subgroup according to the situation when they started HIV treatment． The positive conversion rate of negative spouse and the survival were compared among the three subgroups． Ｒesults 598 HIV sero－discordant couples were recruited and the overall survival time of the three subgroups were 258. 92，4 987．17 and 862．25 person－year． The rate of positive conversion were 6. 18/100，0. 48/100 and 0. 23/100 person－year． Multivariate Cox regression model showed that the hazard ratio of routine treatment subgroup ( HＲ = 0. 052，95% CI: 0. 037－0. 074) and early treatment subgroup ( HＲ=0. 011，95% CI: 0. 003－0. 035) were lower than untreated subgroup． The risk of death of women was lower than that of men( HＲ=0. 667，95% CI: 0. 472－0. 944) ; the older the age，the higher the risk of death ( HＲ=1. 041，95% CI: 1. 026－1. 056) ; and the risk of death of the unemployed is higher than that of farmers ( HＲ=1. 571，95% CI: 1. 037－2. 381) ． Conclusion Targeted interventions methods and early antiviral therapy should be taken urgently for sero－discordant couples．

Demand for non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis services for HIV and associated factors among men who have sex with men in Liuzhou, Guangxi / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To analyze the demand for non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) services and related influencing factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province. Methods MSM was recruited in Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province. Face-to-face survey was used to collect demographic information, knowledge about AIDS, history of high-risk behavior, knowledge and demand for nPEP services. 2 test was used to analyze the differences of demand for nPEP services among MSM with different characteristics and different high-risk behaviors. Log-binomial regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of demand for nPEP services. Prevalence ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results 31.1% of MSM population had heard of nPEP service, and 61.6% of them needed the service after being informed of nPEP about its protective effect. 58.6% of MSM would spend money to buy nPEP service after high-risk behavior. Logistic regression analysis showed that the education level was university degree or above (PR=2.743, 95% CI: 1.996-3.450), the perception of the local MSM AIDS epidemic was not serious or unknown (PR=0.211, 95% CI: 0.112-0.294), and the number of temporary sexual partners in half a year was 2 or more (PR=3.642, 95% CI: 2.223-4.842), these subjects above were influencing factors of nPEP service demanded for respondents. Conclusions MSM population in Liuzhou area of Guangxi have a certain need for nPEP service. We should implement nPEP service as soon as possible in accordance with local conditions, and strengthen the corresponding propaganda to reduce the harm of AIDS to MSM population.

A 4-year follow-up study on sexual orientation, sexual behavior and AIDS related knowledge of undergraduate students in a medical university / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To explore the characteristics of medical sexual orientation, sexual behavior and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) related knowledge changing with grade. Methods A group of 876 undergraduate students of 2015 in a medical university were selected to conduct an anonymous survey once a year and a total of four times using self-compiled questionnaires on AIDS-related knowledge, sexual orientation and behavior of college students. Descriptive epidemiological methods were adopted for statistical description. Results The distribution of sexual orientation among medical students with different survey batches was statistically significant ( 2=26.223, P=0.036). The proportion of openly gay people in the total number of homosexuals showed an increasing trend ( 2trend=4.150, P=0.042). Follow-up study of Chinese medicine students on AIDS related knowledge of the overall rate of increased ( 2trend=23.462, P<0.001). The incidence of general sexual behavior and male homosexual sex among medical students in the past six months showed an increasing trend with grade growth ( 2trend=4.450, P=0.035; 2trend=6.738，P=0.009). At the second and third follow-ups, the proportion of men who used condoms occasionally and never used condoms increased, and the difference was statistically significant ( 2=7.935, P=0.047). Conclusions Due to the weak awareness of medical sexual safety protection, the school should continue to strengthen the AIDS publicity and prevention education of medical students in all grades, and improve the school sexual health education mechanism.

Seroepidemiological survey of hepatitis B virus infection among people under 60 years old in Ma’anshan City, 2017 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To understand the current epidemic and immunity status of hepatitis B virus in Ma’anshan City, and to compare the prevention and control effect after the adjustment of hepatitis B vaccine immunization strategy. Methods Multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 10 investigation points in the whole city, a random sample of 3 460 people under 60 years old was included according to urban and rural stratification. questionnaires and blood were collected from the subjects, and domestic enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for hepatitis B immunoglobulins detection. Results The total positive rate of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B virus surface antibody (HBsAb) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was 3.32%, 51.21% and 29.16% respectively. The positive rate of HBsAb in urban area was higher than that in rural area ( 2=28.204, P<0.001). The positive rate of HBsAb was significantly different between the medical and nursing staff and other occupational groups ( 2=22.772, P<0.001). The difference of HBsAb positive rate before and after HepB vaccine content adjustment was statistically significant ( 2=90.331, P<0.001). The rate of HepB decreased with age ( 2trend=1 984.342, P<0.001). Conclusions Since HepB was incorporated into the immunization program, hepatitis B prevention and control in school-age children has achieved remarkable results. More attention should be paid on the low positive rate of HBsAb in students and the low immunization rate of HepB in adults.

AAA ATPases and hereditary spastic paraplegia / 中华医学遗传学杂志

The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs or SPGs) are clinically and genetically highly heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders mainly characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness in the lower limbs. The inheritance mode includes autosomal dominant(AD-HSP), autosomal recessive(AR-HSP) and X-linked recessive(XR-HSP). Thirty-five loci have been mapped with 17 disease-associated genes identified. SPG4 and SPG7 are the common subtypes in the AD-HSP and AR-HSP, respectively. The authors briefly review the function of spastin (SPG4) and paraplegin (SPG7), both of which belong to AAA ATPases family, and the recent progress of the study on the pathogenesis of HSPs.

Study on the influencing factors related to suicide ideation among undergraduates in Anhui province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationships between quality of life, negative life events, social support and suicide ideation among undergraduates in colleges.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>3517 undergraduates in colleges were recruited by multistage stratified random clustered sampling method. Factors associated with suicide ideation were analyzed with logistic regression by scores of Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation(BSSI), Generic Quality of Life Inventory (GQOLI), Adolescent Self-rate Life Events Checklist (ASLEC), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and a questionnaire on background information.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rate of suicide ideation within 7 days was 14.1%, especially in females (15.96%), with single parent (23.79%) and disabled undergraduates (25.00%). The primary risk factors for suicide ideation were with low psychological function, material life, family/social support, lower availability of support and more negative life events.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of suicide ideation among these undergraduates was high, appropriate measures focusing on these risk factors should be implemented.</p>

Quantitative evaluation of ischemic myocardium by adenosine tissue Doppler stress echocardiography / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of adenosine tissue Doppler stress echocardiography on ischemic myocardium.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Routine dosage (140 microgxkg(-1)xmin(-1) IV for 6 min) adenosine stress echocardiography was performed on 40 patients with chest pain for diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The images of left ventricular myocardial motion were acquired by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) based on traditional 2D stress echocardiography before and 3 min, 6 min after adenosine stress (GE Vivid 7, USA). The myocardial velocity, strain and strain rate in 16 segments were offline measured and analyzed on ECHOPAC software. The results were compared with that of coronary angiography (CAG).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CAG identified 18 CAD and 22 non-CAD patients with 159 ischemic segments and 465 non-ischemic segments. Adenosine significantly increased the systolic velocity (Sm), early diastolic velocity (Em), late diastolic velocity (Am), peak systolic strain (Smax), systolic strain rate (SRs), early diastolic strain rate (SRe) and late diastolic strain rate (SRa) both ischemic and non-ischemic segments (all P < 0.05). The baseline Sm and Em in ischemic segments were significant lower than non-ischemic segments [(3.16 +/- 1.20) cm/s vs (4.03 +/- 1.27) cm/s, P < 0.01; (3.75 +/- 1.67) cm/s vs (4.66 +/- 1.70) cm/s, P < 0.05]. At peak stress the differences in Sm and Em were more significant [(3.98 +/- 1.63) cm/s vs (5.07 +/- 1.52) cm/s; (4.51 +/- 2.32) cm/s vs (6.52 +/- 2.56) cm/s; P < 0.01]. The reductions on Smax and Se were more significant in ischemic segments compared those in non-ischemic segments (16.91% +/- 3.35% vs 19.56% +/- 5.47%, P < 0.01 and 9.53% +/- 2.89% vs 13.06% +/- 4.63%, P < 0.001). The biggest area under curve (AUC) in peak stress was seen in Se by ROC curve analysis (AUC = 0.740, with sensitivity 67% and specificity 83%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Parameters derived from TDI offer reliable and accurate information on ischemic myocardium during adenosine stress echocardiography.</p>

Left ventricular dyssynchrony evaluated by echocardiography in chronic heart failure patients with normal and wide QRS duration / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of the study is to evaluate the left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony in chronic heart failure (HF) patients with normal and wide QRS duration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Time to peak velocity at peak systolic and early diastolic phase (Ts and Te) were determined in 12 segments of LV by echocardiography (GE Vivid 7) in 54 HF patients (28 with wide and 26 with normal QRS duration) and 15 normal controls to evaluate LV systolic and diastolic dyssynchrony. The risk factors related to LV dyssynchrony were also evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LV end systolic and diastolic volumes were significantly larger and 12 segmental mean Ts and maximal Te difference (Te-diff) were significantly higher in HF patients with wide QRS duration than HF patients with normal QRS duration. Using mean Ts >or= 182 ms as the cut-off value, systolic dyssynchrony was present in 46% HF patients with normal QRS and 71% HF patients with wide QRS. Using Te-diff >or= 79 ms as the cut-off value, diastolic dyssynchrony was seen in 58% HF patients with normal QRS and 89% HF patients with wide QRS. Combined systolic and diastolic dyssynchrony was seen in 31% HF patients with normal QRS and in 64% HF patients with wide QRS. Systolic dyssynchrony was significantly correlated to LV end systolic volume and diastolic dyssynchrony was correlated to end diastolic volume.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Percentage of LV dyssynchrony was significantly higher in HF patients with wide QRS, especially in HF patients with increased LV end systolic and diastolic volume.</p>

A case-control study of colorectal cancer in relation to lifestyle factors and genetic polymorphisms: design and conduct of the Fukuoka colorectal cancer study.

A case-control study was designed to elucidate roles of dietary and other behavioral influences, in combination with genetic susceptibility factors (genetic polymorphisms), in colorectal carcinogenesis. Both cases and controls were residents in Fukuoka City and three adjacent areas. Cases were patients undergoing surgery for a first diagnosis of colorectal cancer at 8 hospitals in the study area, and controls were randomly selected in the community by frequency-matching with respect to the expected distribution by sex, age (10-year class), and residence. Dietary and other lifestyle factors were ascertained by in-person interview, and venous blood was obtained for genotyping and possible biochemical measurements. The cases were interviewed at each hospital during the period from 2000 to 2003, and controls were surveyed during the period from 2001 to 2002. A total of 840 cases of colorectal cancer and 833 controls were interviewed with participation rates of 80% for the cases and 60% for the controls. Informed consent to genotyping was obtained from 685 cases and 778 controls. Further details of the design and conduct are described with respect to methodological aspects.