Clinical outcome of diffractive multifocal lens versus monofocal lens in post-laser in situ keratomileusis patients: A retrospective, comparative study

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of diffractive multifocal and monofocal lenses in post?laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) patients who underwent cataract surgery. Methods: This was a retrospective, comparative study of clinical outcomes that was conducted at a referral medical center. Post?LASIK patients who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery and received either diffractive multifocal or monofocal lens were studied. Visual acuities were compared at baseline and postoperatively. The intraocular lens (IOL) power was calculated with Barrett True?K Formula only. Results: At baseline, both groups had comparable age, gender, and an equal distribution hyperopic and myopic LASIK. A significantly higher percentage of patients receiving diffractive lenses achieved uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) of 20/25 or better (80 of 93 eyes, 86% vs. 36 of 82 eyes, 43.9%, P = 1.0 x 105) and uncorrected near vision of J1 or better (63% vs. 0) compared to the monofocal group. The residual refractive error had no significant difference (0.37 ± 0.39 vs. 0.44 ± 0.39, respectively, P = 0.16) in these two groups. However, more eyes in the diffractive group achieved UCDVA of 20/25 or better with residual refractive error of 0.25–0.5 D (36 of 42 eyes, 86% vs. 15 of 24 eyes, 63%, P = 0.032) or 0.75–1.5 D (15 of 21 eyes, 23% vs. 0 of 22 eyes, P = 1.0 x 10?5) compared to the monofocal group. Conclusion: This pilot study shows that patients with a history of LASIK who undergo cataract surgery with a diffractive multifocal lens are not inferior to those who receive monofocal lens. Post?LASIK patients with diffractive lens are more likely to achieve not only excellent near vision, but also potentially better UCDVA, regardless of the residual refractive error.

Metabolomics study on occupational acute methyl acetate poisoning using patient plasma / 中国职业医学

Objective: To investigate the specificity of endogenous metabolic profile in plasma of patients with occupational acute methyl acetate poisoning using non-targeted metabolomics. Methods: A total of six patients with occupational acute methyl acetate poisoning were selected as the poisoning group, while 10 healthy workers without occupational exposure history of chemical hazards in the same industry were selected as the control group using the judgment sampling method. Metabolites in patient plasma of the two groups were detected using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and non-targeted metabolomics analysis was performed. Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to identify differential metabolites and analyze their metabolic pathways. Results: There were significant differences in metabolite profiles in patient plasma between poisoning group and control group. A total of 195 differentially expressed metabolites were screened in plasma of patients in poisoning group, including 119 upregulated and 76 downregulated metabolites. Lipid substances (lipids and lipid-like molecules) accounted for the highest proportion (21.5%). The differential metabolites of poisoning group were related to folate biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, sphingolipid biosynthesis and other metabolic pathways in plasma compared with the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Occupational acute methyl acetate poisoning affects metabolism of the body. The folic acid biosynthesis, amino acid and lipid metabolism and other pathways may be involved in the occurrence and development of poisoning.

Comprehensive evaluation and analysis of laboratory resource allocation in 14 blood stations based on entropy weight -TOPSIS method / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the resource allocation status of blood testing laboratories in 14 blood stations in Gansu Province, explore the impact of differences in basic conditions on the comprehensive testing ability of laboratories, so as to promote the homogenization and standardization of blood screening capacity in blood stations in Gansu and improve blood safety and effectivenes. 【Methods】 An evaluation index system of laboratory resource allocation was constructed and a question-naire was designed. The data of human resources, infrastructure and key equipment of 14 blood stations were collected. The entropy weight -TOPSIS method was used to evaluate and rank the resource allocation of 14 blood stations. 【Results】 In the comprehensive evaluation of blood testing laboratory resource allocation in 14 blood stations in Gansu, the top three were laboratories A, B and I, and the last three were laboratories G, M and J. On the whole, the main issue was unreasonable structure of human resources: most laboratories had unreasonable age structure; except for Laboratory A, there was no personnel with bachelor's degree or above in laboratories; most laboratories had not established a team with intermediate professional titles. In terms of infrastructure, the size of seven laboratories could not meet the needs of modern laboratory testing, and all eight blood stations had no spare nucleic acid laboratories nor a mutual spare laboratory with other blood stations As for the key equipment, 5 laboratories had no automatic blood grouping diagnostic instrument, 5 laboratories only had one set of enzyme immunoassay detection system, 3 laboratories had no spare equipment for the key equipment, which means if the equipment failure could not be repaired in time, the release of results would be affected. 【Conclusion】 There were significant differences in human resources, infrastructure and key equipment of blood testing laboratories in 14 blood stations in Gansu, which had a great impact on laboratory testing capacity and subsequent development. It is suggested that governments at all levels and health administrative departments optimize the input of laboratory resource allocation according to the blood collection volume of blood stations to gradually narrow the differences in resource distribution between different regions, improve the degree of laboratory automation and optimize the personnel structure, so as to build high-quality and efficient blood testing laboratories and ensure the safety of clinical blood use.

Pseudoallergic Reactions of Xuebijing Injection and Its Rational Drug Use / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate whether the adverse reactions of Xuebijing injection (XBJJ) are mainly pseudoallergic reactions and explore the influencing factors of its pseudoallergic reactions. Method:Mouse model of pseudoallergic reaction was used to study the anaphylactoid reaction of XBJJ which at 0.5, 1 and 2 times of the highest clinical concentration. Next, we compared the differences in pseudoallergic reactions caused by XBJJ for different storage times after preparation. Specifically, XBJJ was prepared into different concentrations, stored for 10 minutes, 2.5 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours, and then injected into the tail vein of mice. Finally, three different injection speeds of 3 seconds, 45 seconds and 90 seconds were selected for XBJJ injection, and then the differences in the paeudoallergic reactions induced by XBJJ in mice under different injection speeds were compared. Result:XBJJ induces pseudoallergic reactions in mice when the drug concentration is higher than the clinically recommended concentration. Compared with storage for 10 minutes after preparation, the degree of pseudoallergic reaction in mice induced by the same concentration of XBJJ increased with the extension of storage time. In addition, when XBJJ was injected in 3 s (the injection rate was 0.083 mL·s^-1), it produced the strongest pseudoallergic reaction. Conclusion:The adverse reactions induced by XBJJ are mainly pseudoallergic reactions. Excessive storage time after preparation and fast injection speed of XBJJ will lead to aggravation of pseudoallergic reactions in mice. When XBJJ is used clinically, it should strictly follow the usage, dosage, concentration, and drip rate recommended in the drug instruction manual. Rational drug use is of positive significance for improving the safety of XBJJ.

Adequate Animal Models of Hyperuricemia for Traditional Chinese Medicine Screening / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To compare the characteristics of four commonly adopted animal models of hyperuricemia （HUA） for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） screening， so as to choose the adequate model for screening Chinese herbs and herbal compounds capable of lowering the uric acid. Method:Fifty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into nine groups， namely the normal group， hypoxanthine （HX） + oxonic acid potassium salt （OAPS） model group， yeast extract （YE） + OAPS model group， low-dose adenine （AD） + ethambutol （EMB） model group， high-dose AD + EMB model group， and four positive drug allopurinol （Allo） groups. The modeling lasted for 14 d. The levels of serum uric acid （SUA）， urinary uric acid （UUA）， serum creatinine （SCr）， urea nitrogen （BUN）， kidney injury molecule 1 （KIM-1）， and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin （NGAL） were detected on the 3rd， 7th， and 14th days. Urine was collected on the 7th and 14th days to investigate changes in urine volume， and the crystals in the residual urine were observed under a polarizing microscope. After the modeling， the kidney was harvested and weighed， followed by pathological examination. Result:The urine volumes in the HX + OAPS model group and high-dose AD + EMB model group were significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The renal indexes of each model group， except for the YE + OAPS model group， were significantly elevated （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. The increase in SUA of the HX + OAPS model group and YE + OAPS model group started later （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The KIM-1 and NGAL levels of the HX + OAPS model group rose significantly from the 7th day （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the BUN increased significantly on the 14th day （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. There was no significant difference in the above-mentioned indicators in the YE + OAPS model group. The SUA levels of the low- and high-dose AD + EMB model groups increased significantly on the 3rd day （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， with a persistent increase found in the low-dose AD + EMB model group. Besides， the increase in BUN， KIM-1， and NGAL occurred later （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. By contrast， the high-dose AD + EMB model group exhibited a transient increase in SUA. Moreover， the SCr， BUN， KIM-1， and NGAL elevation occurred earlier and were more obvious than those in the low-dose AD + EMB model group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Remarkable histomorphological abnormalities were detected in the kidney of all model groups， except for the YE+OAPS model group， with the most severe injury present in the high-dose AD+EMB model group. Conclusion:The four models commonly used to screen TCM have their own characteristics. In the four models， the SUA elevation in the HX + OAPS model group and YE + OAPS model group started later， with the mild renal injury observed in the HX + OAPS model group instead of the YE + OAPS model group. The SUA of the low-dose AD + EMB model group increased rapidly and lasted for a long time， accompanied by mild renal injury. The SUA of the high-dose AD + EMB model group only showed a transient increase， accompanied by severe renal injury. The investigation on the characteristics and application of different models and the evaluation of these models based on sensitive and objective indicators are helpful for determining the suitable model for the screening of TCM targeting HUA in the future.

Intervention Effect of New Chinese Herbal Prescription Selected by Data Mining Against Decreased Ovarian Reserve in Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To select and evaluate new Chinese herbal prescription for the treatment of decreased ovarian reserve （DOR） and its appropriate dosage. Method:The literature concerning the treatment of DOR with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） was retrieved from such databases as Chinese Journal Full-text Database， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform， and Chongqing Weipu Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals （VIP）， based on which a database was established using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System （TCMISS） V2.5. The data mining was then carried out to obtain the core combinations of Chinese herbs and new Chinese herbal prescription combinations， followed by the determination of the new Chinese herbal prescription by expert group discussion for experiment evaluation. The female SD rats were divided into the normal group， DOR model group， Kuntai capsule group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose new Chinese herbal prescription groups， with 12 rats in each group. Rats in the Kuntai capsule group and low-， medium-， and high-dose new Chinese herbal prescription groups were treated with Kuntai capsule solution （0.5 g·kg^-1 determined according to the dosage in the instruction） and 3.037 5， 6.075， and 9.12 g·kg^-1 new Chinese herbal prescription， respectively. After 21 days， the estrous cycle was observed by vaginal exfoliated cell smear， and the ovarian structure was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The serum anti-mullerian hormone （AMH）， follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， and estrogen （E₂） contents as well as the reactive oxygen species （ROS）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and glutathione （GSH） levels and superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） activities in ovary were detected using biochemical methods. Result:The new Chinese herbal prescription subjected to experimental evaluation was composed of 11 Chinese herbs， namely Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata 20 g， Cervi Cornus Colla 12 g， Lycii Fructus 20 g， Corni Fructus 12 g， Albiziae Cortex 9 g， Nelumbinis Plumula 3 g， Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 20 g， Astragali Radix 30 g， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 12 g， Dioscoreae Rhizoma 30 g， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle 6 g. Compared with the model group， the Kuntai capsule group and medium- and high-dose new Chinese herbal prescription groups exhibited significantly improved estrous cycle and follicular development， elevated serum AMH and E₂ and ovarian GSH （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， decreased serum FSH and LH （<italic>P</italic><0.05） and ovarian ROS and MDA （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and enhanced SOD， CAT， and GSH-Px activities （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. There were no significant differences in the above-mentioned indexes between the Kuntai capsule group and the middle- and high-dose new Chinese herbal prescription groups， but the estrous cycle and follicular development were better in the latter two groups. Conclusion:The new Chinese herbal prescription screened by data mining is able to enhance ovarian antioxidation， promote follicular development， ameliorate serum hormone and estrous cycle， and effectively improve ovarian reserve function in DOR rats. The medium dose （6.075 g·kg^-1） has been proved optimal.

Synergistic Effect of Xiangdan Injection and Qingkailing Injection on Organ Injury Caused by Acute Inflammation and Thrombosis in Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the synergistic effect of Xiangdan injection （XDI） and Qingkailing injection （QKLI） in the treatment of inflammation and thrombosis animal model based on changes of thrombus， inflammatory indexes， organ function， and pathological changes. Method:A total of 100 male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group， a model group， XDI groups （2.5， 5 mL·kg^-1）， QKLI groups （5， 10 mL·kg^-1）， and XDI + QKLI groups ［（2.5+5） mL·kg^-1，（2.5+10） mL·kg^-1，（5+5） mL·kg^-1，and （5+10） mL·kg^-1］ according to the body weight， with 10 rats in each group. Rats were treated correspondingly by intraperitoneal injection once a day for 4 days. The normal control group and the model group received normal saline. On the second day of administration， the model was induced in rats except those in the normal control group. Specifically， 25 mg·kg^-1carrageenan was injected intraperitoneally into the rats， followed by an injection of 50 μg·kg^-1 lipopolysaccharide （LPS） through the tail vein 16 hours later. Twenty-four hours after LPS injection， the rats were detected for liver index， kidney index， the number of platelets （PLT）， thrombus length， and biochemical indicators such as aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， creatinine， and blood urea nitrogen （BUN）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the content of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of heart， liver， lung， and kidney， as well as the grading of organ injury. Result:Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased PLT， lengthened thrombus in the tail， increased liver index， elevated content of ALT， ALP， BUN， IL-6， and TNF-<italic>α</italic> （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， and damaged liver， lung， and kidney tissues （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the conditions in the model group， XDI at 5 mL·kg^-1 reduced serum ALT and ALP in rats （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， QKLI at 5 and 10 mL·kg^-1reduced serum levels ALT and ALP， and TNF-<italic>α </italic>content<italic> </italic>（<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. XDI at 5 mL·kg^-1 or QKLI at 10 mL·kg^-1 relieved the LPS-induced lung injury （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， the combination of XDI and QKLI decreased the levels of ALT， AST， ALP， and TNF-<italic>α， </italic>and the effect was predominant in the combination of XDI and QKLI at 5 and 10 mL·kg^-1（<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Additionally， the length of the tail thrombus was significantly shortened （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the degree of lung injury was also reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The serum levels of ALT and BUN， TNF-<italic>α</italic> content， and liver index of rats were reduced after the combination of XDI and QKLI as compared with those in the single drug groups at the same dose （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:XDI or QKLI can improve or inhibit organ function， organ injury， and inflammatory response in the rat model of inflammation and thrombosis. The combination of the two drugs shows a synergistic effect in reducing the length of venous thrombus， improving liver and kidney function， inhibiting inflammatory factors， and protecting lung， liver， kidney， and other organs.

Association between serum vitamin D level and immune imbalance in advanced schistosomiasis patients with liver fibrosis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To examine the relationship between serum vitamin D level and immune imbalance in advanced schistosomiasis patients with liver fibrosis. Methods A total of 120 advanced schistosomiasis patients with liver fibrosis that were admitted to the Department of Schistosomiasis of The First Hospital of Jiaxing City from May 2016 to September 2018 were recruited as the observation group, and 50 healthy volunteers randomly sampled from the hospital during the same period served as the control group. The serum IgG antibody, IgA antibody, C3 complement, C4 complement, CD4+ cell proportion, CD8+ cell proportion, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were compared between the two groups. Liver fibrosis was classified into grade I, II and III according to the classification criteria of liver fibrosis by ultrasonography, and the serum IgG antibody, IgA antibody, C3 complement, C4 complement, CD4+ proportion, CD8+ proportion, 25(OH)D levels were compared among patients with grade I, II and III liver fibrosis. In addition, all patients were classified into the sufficient group, the insufficient group and the deficient group according to the serum vitamin D level, and the serum IgG antibody, IgA antibody, C3 complement, C4 complement, CD4+ proportion, CD8+ proportion, 25(OH)D levels were compared among these three groups. Moreover, the associations of the serum vitamin D level with these immune indicators were examined. Results The 120 advanced schistosomiasis patients with liver fibrosis included 58 men and 62 women, and had a mean age of (72.00 ± 3.00) years. There were 32 cases with grade I liver fibrosis, 46 cases with grade II liver fibrosis, and 42 cases with grade III liver fibrosis. There were no significant differences between the observation group and the control group in terms of serum D-dimer, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), C3 complement or C4 complement levels (t = 2.467, 0.322, 0.790, -2.432 and -2.630, all P values > 0.05); however, there were significant differences seen in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood calcium, blood phosphorus, IgG antibody, IgA antibody, CD4+ proportion, CD8+ proportion, and 25(OH)D levels (t = 5.130, 6.382, -1.341, 2.361, 8.708, 11.783, -2.995, -6.543 and -3.022, all P values < 0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in AST, ALT, blood phosphorus, IgA antibody, C3 complement, CD8+ cell proportion and 25(OH)D levels among patients with grades I, II and III liver fibrosis (F = 19.704, 16.254, 62.669, 49.347, 5.430, 5.434 and 5.783, all P values < 0.05). There were significant differences in ALT, blood phosphorus, IgA antibody, CD8+ cell proportion and 25(OH)D levels between patients with grades I and III liver fibrosis (all P values < 0.05), and significant differences were seen between patients with grades II and III liver fibrosis in terms of blood phosphorus, IgA antibody and CD8+ cell proportion (all P values < 0.05), while there was a significant difference in the CD8+ cell proportion between patients with grades I and II liver fibrosis (P < 0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences among the sufficient, insufficient and deficient groups in terms of IgG antibody, IgA antibody, C3 complement, CD4+ cell proportion and CD8+ cell proportion (F = 13.303, 59.623, 8.698, 9.969 and 12.805, all P values < 0.05), and there was a significant difference in the CD8+ cell proportion between the insufficient and deficient groups (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that serum 25(OH)D level were negatively associated with IgG and IgA antibody levels (r = -0.754 and -0.773, both P values < 0.05), and positively associated with C3 complement, CD4+ cell proportion and CD8+ cell proportion in advanced schistosomiasis patients with liver fibrosis (r = 0.827, 0.850 and 0.830, all P values < 0.05). Conclusion Immune imbalance occurs in advanced schistosomiasis patients with liver fibrosis, and serum vitamin D level may correlate with immune imbalance in advanced schistosomiasis patients with liver fibrosis.

Mechanism of Duanteng Yimu Decoction on Expression of MEKK2 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts and Arthritis in CIA Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::Duanteng Yimu decoction(DTYMD)is effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by relieving joint inflammation and down-regulating some inflammatory factors in a short period of time, but the mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to investigate upstream kinase of mitogen activated protein kinases(MAPK) and define the anti-inflammatory mechanism of DTYMD. Method::Fibroblasts-like synovial cells(FLSs) were divided into blank group, model group (IL-1β), high-dose DTYMD group (1 000 mg·L-1), medium-dose DTYMD group (800 mg·L-1), low-dose DTYMD group (600 mg·L-1) and armour ammonia butterfly(MTX) group (20 μmol·L-1). The protein and mRNA expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 (MEKK2) were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(Real-time PCR). Totally 42 male DBA/1J mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 7 mice in each group, namely normal group, model group and MTX group (2 mg·kg-1), low-dose DTYMD group (6.25 mg·kg-1), medium-dose DTYMD group (12.5 mg·kg-1), and high-dose DTYMD group (25 mg·kg-1). Except for the normal group, the other five groups were included in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) model by secondary immunoassay. After administration, the posterior limbs and ankle joints were stained with htoxylin-eosin(HE), and the pathological scores of the joints were evaluated. Result::Compared with the model group, DTYMD inhibited the activity of FLSs in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.01). Compared with the blank control group, the cell proliferation rate of the model group increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, high and middle-dose DTYMD groups could inhibit protein and mRNA expressions of MEKK2 (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in low-dose group. However, the expression of DTYMD protein in high/medium/low-dose groups was significantly higher than that in blank group (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in MTX group. Compared with the model group, the expressions of matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin(IL)-6 were negatively regulated in different DTYMD groups(P<0.01), and the expressions of MMP-1, IL-6, TNF-α in the model group were significantly higher than those in the blank group (P<0.05, P<0.01). In the animal experiment, compared with the model group, high/middle-dose DTYMD groups could decrease the degree of joint swelling in CIA mice (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in the low dose group, and the joint swelling in the model group was significantly higher than that in the blank group (P<0.05). In HE staining of ankle joint of CIA mice, the pathological scores of high/small-dose DTYMD groups were significantly lower those of model group (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the pathological score of model group was higher than that of blank group (P<0.01). Conclusion::DTYMD might down-regulate MEKK2 to negatively regulate inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and MMP-1, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis.

Mechanism of Tripterygium hypoglaucum Radix-Leonurus japonicus Herba for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Computer network pharmacology technology was used to screen the main active ingredients of Tripterygium hypoglaucum radix-Leonurus japonicus herba for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA), predict the targets of the active ingredients, establish a pharmaceutical ingredient-active ingredient-target network, and further explore the potential mechanism of Tripterygium hypoglaucum radix-Leonurus japonicus herba for the treatment of RA. Method:RA disease targets were collected through DisGeNET, TTD, and Drugbank databases, the potential active components of Tripterygium hypoglaucum radix and Leonurus japonicus herba and their corresponding targets were obtained from the Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Analysis Platform (TCMSP); common targets for drugs and diseases were screened by using the ImageGP platform; a common target interaction (PPI) network model was constructed by using the String database, a "drug-active ingredient-key target" network was constructed by using Cytoscape software, a protein interaction network was constructed by using the String database, gene function (GO) analysis and pathway enrichment analysis based on the Kyoto Gene and Genomic Encyclopedia (KEGG) were performed by using the ClueGO plug-in. Result:Through screening, 9 active pharmaceutical ingredients were obtained, involving a total of 235 targets, and 7 active ingredients were related to the disease targets. 24 common targets for Tripterygium hypoglaucum radix Leonurus japonicus herba-disease were obtained. The common targets were mainly enriched in 278 biological processes and 141 signaling pathways to play a role in the treatment of RA. Conclusion:The therapeutic effect of Tripterygium hypoglaucum radix Leonurus japonicus herba on RA reflects the characteristics of multi-component-multi-target-multi-channel of traditional Chinese medicine, and provides a scientific basis for explaining its mechanism and clinical application of RA.

Mechanism of Wulingsan in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the mechanism of Wulingsan (WLS) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by network pharmacology. Method:The active components of WLS were screened on traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology(TCMSP) platform, and the targets were predicted in DragBank database. The "component-target" network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.2.1 software. Disease targets were searched in TTD, DrugBank and DisGenet databases. The Venn diagram was built to extract the target of WLS in the treatment of RA, and the gene oesthetics(GO) function annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedin of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) signal pathway enrichment analysis were performed by cluego plugin. The TCM-component-target-pathway network of WLS was constructed, and the network feature analysis was made by Network Analyzer. Result:Totally 52 components and 297 potential targets in WLS and 1 845 targets relating to RA were excavated, and 49 common targets of WLS-RA were obtained. The common targets were mainly enriched in 322 biological processes and 31 signaling pathways. Conclusion:WLS may regulate targets, such as prostaglandin epoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), cysteine aspartate protein-3 (Caspase-3), transcription factor p65 (RELA), progesterone receptor (PGR), and adjust cancer-related pathways, tumor necrosis factor(TNF) signaling pathways, interleukin-17(IL-17) signaling pathways, nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) signaling pathways, Th17 cell differentiation, so as to inhibit the inflammatory response, regulate immune function and adjust apoptosis to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

Mechanism of Duanteng Yimutang in Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Network Pharmacology Approach / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Duanteng Yimutang(DTYMT) has a significant effect in treating rheumatoid arthritis, but its composition is complex and its mechanism is not clear. It is worthwhile to use network pharmacology approach to find active components, therapeutic targets and signal pathways of DTYMT. Method:The drug composition was selected according to the pharmacokinetic parameters in the pharmacology database, the analysis platform (TCMSP) and the TCM integrated database (TCMID) of the Traditional Chinese Medicine System. The drug and disease targets were excavated in the Drugbank database and the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), and the drug-target-pathway network was constructed by network pharmacology tool Cytoscap, in order to explore the mechanism of the action of the components in the DTYMT. Result:It was found that 11 effective components of DTYMT could target 42 proteins in rheumatoid arthritis, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). Various pathways, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, interleukin-17 (IL-17) pathway, helper T cell 17 (Th17) differentiation pathway, rheumatic arthritis pathway, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, osteoclast differentiation pathway, and ovarian steroid production pathway, were involved. Conclusion:DTYMT may be used to regulate inflammatory cytokines mainly through multiple inflammatory-related signal pathways, so as to play anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory roles in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Optimization of the experimental condition on separating lipoproteins by self-constructed asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze and characterize the separation effectiveness of self-constructed asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation system on proteins and lipoproteins, to achieve the optimization of the experimental conditions when separating lipoproteins by orthogonal design test and to investigate the carrier viscosity's influence on separation effectiveness.@*METHODS@#The evaluation of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation separation capacity was conducted by using two standard proteins (carbonic anhydrase and thyroglobulin). Under the optimized separation conditions of carbonic anhydrase and thyroglobulin, the channel actual thickness (after assembling, the actual thickness of separation channel was less than initial thickness) was calculated by the analytes' elution time based on the hydrokinetic theory. With orthogonal design test the optimized experimental conditions were studied and statistical analysis was carried on to find out the factors with statistical significance which needed further exploration.@*RESULTS@#According to the hydrodynamics principle and Stoke's function, the channel actual thickness was measured to be 164 μm by separating the two standard proteins, carbonic anhydrase and thyroglobulin, under proper experimental conditions. By the optimization based on orthogonal design test, base-line separation (the resolution had to be higher than 1.50) was achieved. The resolutions of the two experiments were 1.61 and 1.58. According to previous study/ pre-study and supporting theory, in the orthogonal design test, the total 5 factors were integrated for comprehensive investigation: the total flow rate (3.00, 3.50, 4.00, 4.50 mL/min), focus time (3.00, 3.50, 4.00, 4.50 min), transition time (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 min), pH of the carrier fluid(6.8, 7.00, 7.20, 7.40) and viscosity of the carrier fluid hydroxypropylmethylcellulose concentration: 0.00%, 0.03%, 0.06%, 1.00%). Among the 5 factors, viscosity was found to have the statistical significance on separation effectiveness which was further investigated. The resolution of high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein was increased by the increasing viscosity which also caused more obvious negative spikes.@*CONCLUSION@#The separating capacities of self-constructed asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation system on lipoproteins were verified to be effective and an optimized experimental condition was found to achieve the base-line separation of high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. Viscosity of the carrier fluid was proved to have the statistical significance on lipoprotein separation.

Pseudoallergic reaction characteristics of Qingkailing injection and preliminary screening of allergic substances / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the characteristics and the influencing factors of Qingkailing injection (QKLI) pseudoallergic reaction, and screen out the possible pseudoallergenic substances. The results showed that ICR and Kunming mice had stronger pseudoallergic reactions than BALB/c and C57 mice after being injected with the same dose of QKLI. The pseudoallergic reaction induced by QKLI that was prepared with 0.9% saline was stronger than that prepared with 5% glucose. When the dose was twice of the clinical dose, some batches of QKLI could cause significant or suspected pseudoallergic reactions; when the dose dropped to clinically equal times, all of the batches did not induce pseudoallergic reactions in mice. Different batches of QKLI induced different pseudoallergic reactions in mice. Therefore, QKLI's pseudoallergic reactions might have a certain relationship with different body constitutions. Different solvents might affect the safety of QKLI. QKIL-induced pseudoallergic reactions had the different characteristics between batches, and the dosage should be strictly controlled in clinical use. After the comparison of pseudoallergic reactions induced by different components and different intermediates of QKLI in mice, it was preliminary believed that pseudoallergenic substances might exist in intermediate Isatidis Radix extracts and Gardenia extracts, but specific pseudoallergens shall be furthered studied in subsequent experiences.

Safety of animal traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections / 中国中药杂志

Animal medicine injection is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections. All or part of animals with a significant curative effect and little side reactions as raw materials as well as modern technology are used to produce traditional Chinese medicine injections with a reliable and rapid drug efficacy and high bioavailability. Due to the complex composition of traditional Chinese medicine injections, imperfect quality standards, and unreasonable clinical use, the incidence of adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine injections has been significantly higher than that of traditional Chinese medicine for oral use. Animal medicine injections contain rich protein and fat, and heteroproteins are the main sensitization source in animal medicine injections. At present, the adverse reactions of animal medicine injections are mainly manifested in the anaphylaxis-like reactions at skin, mucous membranes and organ systems. The adverse reactions that occur during the first medication are more common. Specific causes for allergic-like adverse reactions in animal injections and related substances in traditional Chinese medicine injections made of animals that induce allergies or anaphylactoid reactions are currently not specifically reported. This article reviews the current adverse reactions of animal TCM injections, allergies and pseudoallergic reactions of animal TCM injections, the pharmacokinetics of animal TCM injections, and the combined use of drugs, in order to improve the quality standards of Chinese medicine injections for animals and provide reference for further safety related research.

Study on the Migration Resistance of Additives in Disposable Photophobic Infusion Set / 中国医疗器械杂志

The disposable photophobic infusion was used to simulate clinical infusion under different conditions. The simulated liquid was collected every 30 min (total 4 h),and detected the additives (Fe, MDA and antioxidant 1076) in simulated liquid by spectroscopic method and chromatography method. The method is simple and stable, and can be used for the technical monitoring of the disposable photophobic infusion set in the future.

Mechanism of nephrotoxicity of rhubarb in rats / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this study was to investigate the renal toxicity of rhubarb and its mechanism. The SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group and two rhubarb extract groups (16, 2 g·kg⁻¹). According to the dose conversion method between human and animal, rhubarb 16 g·kg⁻¹ and 2 g·kg⁻¹ were equivalent to 10 times and 1.25 times of human clinical dose respectively. Rhubarb extract was administered by a gastric gavage to rats once daily for 30 days. Serum urea nitrogen （BUN）, creatinine （CRE） and urine KIM-1, NGAL and renal morphology were analyzed. The expressions of OAT1, OAT3 and clusterin mRNA in kidney were measured. The results showed that the low dose of rhubarb had no obvious renal toxicity. The high dose group showed mild and moderate renal injury and a down-regulation of clusterin mRNA expression in the kidney tissue. The renal toxicity in male animals was heavier than that in female animals. There was no significant change in blood BUN and CRE in the high dose group. But urine NGAL level of the high dose group increased by 51.53% compared with normal group, of which male animals increased more significantly (<0.05, compared with the normal group). The expressions of renal OAT1 and OAT3 mRNA in the low dose group were obviously higher than that in the normal group. The results indicated that the high dose of rhubarb could cause the renal toxicity. The dosage should be controlled reasonably in the clinical use. OAT1 and OAT3 mRNA related to anionic transport in kidney tissue played a compensatory protective role in rhubarb-induced renal injury. But the compensatory effect is relatively weak at the high dose level. In addition, routine renal function indicators BUN and CRE had limitation for monitoring the kidney toxicity of rhubarb. It is suggested that urine NGAL detection might be helpful for monitoring the renal toxicity of rhubarb.

Preclinical study on adverse reactions of Xingnaojing injection / 中国中药杂志

In this study, different batches of Xingnaojing injection products were first selected for pseudoallergic mice test, and the results showed that after injection of 6.6-fold clinical dose Xingnaojing injection, the mice showed a slight pseudoallergic reaction, while other mice injected with other batches of injections showed no obvious pseudoallergic reaction. Therefore, it is preliminarily believed that this mice model can effectively indicate the risk of pseudoallergic reactions in the clinical application of Xingnaojing injections. In addition, by changing some of the processes, a high concentration of Xingnaojing injection was prepared for mice pseudoallergic test and guinea pig systemic allergy test. The results showed no significant type Ⅰ allergic reaction in guinea pigs. Mild pseudoallergic reactions occurred in mice after a 6.6-fold clinical dose injection. Therefore, it is considered that for sensitive or idiosyncratic people, the concentration of certain chemical components in Xingnaojing injection will increase after entering the body, which may increase the risk of pseudoallergic reaction. However, due to the limitations of test models, the risk of Xingnaojing injection to induce allergic reactions cannot be ruled out. Finally, by increasing the content of borneol and Tween and (or) sodium chloride in Xingnnaojing Injection and testing its pseudoallergic reactions, the results showed that the combination of these three ingredients may produce new trace sensitization substance and induce pseudoallergic reactions.

Expression of miR-125a-5p in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and its significance / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-125a-5p in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and the relationship among the levels of NF-κB/p65,Bcl2,Caspase3 and Ki-67 protein in clinicopathological features, and the potential prognostic value. Methods A total of 84 cases of DLBCL were enrolled in this study. At the same time,10 cases of reactive hyperplasia tissues were used as the control group. The expression of miR-125a-5p was examined by SYBR Green real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(real-time RT-PCR). The expression of NF-κB/p65,Bcl2,Caspase3,Ki-67 was detected by the immunohistochemical staining assay. The clinical pathological data was collected and some patients were followed up. The clinical data was used for analysis of the prognosis of patients. Results MiR-125a-5p was shown up-regulated in the DLBCL samples ,which was (4.99 ± 8.22)times of that in the reactive hyperplasia samples(P=0.002). The up-regulation of miR-125a-5p in DLBCL was correlated with non-GCB subtype(P=0.027). The up-regulation of miR-125a-5p in DLBCL was sig-nificantly correlated with the expression of NF-κB/p65,Bcl2 and Caspase3(P=0.031,0.030,0.022). There was a significant correlation between non-GCB subtype and NF-κB/p65 level in DLBCL(P=0.002). Kaplan-Mei-er survival analysis showed that the high expression of miR-125a-5p was associated with the prognosis of DLBCL pa-tients(P=0.038). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the high expression of miR-125a-5p may be an independent risk factor for the prognosis of DLBCL(P=0.013). Conclusions MiR-125a-5p may play an im-portant role in the diagnosis of DLBCL. The up-regulation of miR-125a-5p in DLBCL may affect the activation of NFκB/p65,especially in the non-GCB subtype. The up-regulation of miR-125a-5p in DLBCL may influence the de-velopment of tumor via apoptosis pathway. The expression of miR-125a-5p is associated with the poor prognosis of patients,which can be regarded as an independent risk factor for the prognosis of DLBCL.

Expression of miR-125a-5p in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and its significance / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-125a-5p in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and the relationship among the levels of NF-κB/p65,Bcl2,Caspase3 and Ki-67 protein in clinicopathological features, and the potential prognostic value. Methods A total of 84 cases of DLBCL were enrolled in this study. At the same time,10 cases of reactive hyperplasia tissues were used as the control group. The expression of miR-125a-5p was examined by SYBR Green real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(real-time RT-PCR). The expression of NF-κB/p65,Bcl2,Caspase3,Ki-67 was detected by the immunohistochemical staining assay. The clinical pathological data was collected and some patients were followed up. The clinical data was used for analysis of the prognosis of patients. Results MiR-125a-5p was shown up-regulated in the DLBCL samples ,which was (4.99 ± 8.22)times of that in the reactive hyperplasia samples(P=0.002). The up-regulation of miR-125a-5p in DLBCL was correlated with non-GCB subtype(P=0.027). The up-regulation of miR-125a-5p in DLBCL was sig-nificantly correlated with the expression of NF-κB/p65,Bcl2 and Caspase3(P=0.031,0.030,0.022). There was a significant correlation between non-GCB subtype and NF-κB/p65 level in DLBCL(P=0.002). Kaplan-Mei-er survival analysis showed that the high expression of miR-125a-5p was associated with the prognosis of DLBCL pa-tients(P=0.038). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the high expression of miR-125a-5p may be an independent risk factor for the prognosis of DLBCL(P=0.013). Conclusions MiR-125a-5p may play an im-portant role in the diagnosis of DLBCL. The up-regulation of miR-125a-5p in DLBCL may affect the activation of NFκB/p65,especially in the non-GCB subtype. The up-regulation of miR-125a-5p in DLBCL may influence the de-velopment of tumor via apoptosis pathway. The expression of miR-125a-5p is associated with the poor prognosis of patients,which can be regarded as an independent risk factor for the prognosis of DLBCL.