ABSTRACT
Finding the novel drug from the effective components of traditional Chinese herbal medicine is a hotspot of the modern pharmacological research.Hyperoside (HYP) belongs to flavonoid glycosides,and it has various properties,such as anti-inflammation,anti-spasm,anti-diuretic,antitussive,lowering blood pressure,and lowering cholesterol effects as well as protective effects for the cardiac and cerebral blood vessels.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of HYP on inflammatory and apoptotic responses in vascular endothelial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and further to identify the possible mechanisms underlying these effects.In our study,human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with 1 μg/mL LPS in the presence or absence of HYP (10,20 and 50 μrnol/L).Our results indicated that HYP alone exerted no cytotoxicity on HUVECs,while it had an up-regulatory effect on the viability of HUVECs induced by LPS in a dose-dependent manner;increased mRNA expression of IL-1β,IL-6,TNFα and iNOS induced by LPS was attenuated after treatment with HYP both in a dose-and time-dependent manner;LPS-induced HUVECs apoptosis and cleaved-caspase 8,9,3 were all significantly reduced by HYP.Furthermore,the possible pathway involved in apoptosis and inflammation by HYP was detected,and the results showed that when treated with HYP,LPS-induced mitochondrial membrane instability was significantly inhibited through up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax.Furthermore,the expression of TLR4 and the phosphorylation of Iκ Bα and p65 in LPS-treated cells were blocked by HYP.Our results suggested that HYP treatment prevented HUVECs from LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis responses,which might be mediated by inhibiting TLR4/NFκB pathway.
ABSTRACT
Finding the novel drug from the effective components of traditional Chinese herbal medicine is a hotspot of the modern pharmacological research.Hyperoside (HYP) belongs to flavonoid glycosides,and it has various properties,such as anti-inflammation,anti-spasm,anti-diuretic,antitussive,lowering blood pressure,and lowering cholesterol effects as well as protective effects for the cardiac and cerebral blood vessels.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of HYP on inflammatory and apoptotic responses in vascular endothelial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and further to identify the possible mechanisms underlying these effects.In our study,human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with 1 μg/mL LPS in the presence or absence of HYP (10,20 and 50 μrnol/L).Our results indicated that HYP alone exerted no cytotoxicity on HUVECs,while it had an up-regulatory effect on the viability of HUVECs induced by LPS in a dose-dependent manner;increased mRNA expression of IL-1β,IL-6,TNFα and iNOS induced by LPS was attenuated after treatment with HYP both in a dose-and time-dependent manner;LPS-induced HUVECs apoptosis and cleaved-caspase 8,9,3 were all significantly reduced by HYP.Furthermore,the possible pathway involved in apoptosis and inflammation by HYP was detected,and the results showed that when treated with HYP,LPS-induced mitochondrial membrane instability was significantly inhibited through up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax.Furthermore,the expression of TLR4 and the phosphorylation of Iκ Bα and p65 in LPS-treated cells were blocked by HYP.Our results suggested that HYP treatment prevented HUVECs from LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis responses,which might be mediated by inhibiting TLR4/NFκB pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the surgical strategy for tethered cord syndrome with lipoma.Methods Operations for releasing of tethered conus medullaris were composed of lipomas excision,adhesion releasing, terminal filum resection and reconstruction of dura mate of spinal cord. Fascia of the surrounding muscle with nonabsorbable suture (Prolene, 5-0) was used in duraplasty operation.Microsurgical release of the tethered cord was performed in each case while using multimodality intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring. Results Complication of subcutaneous fluidify included superficial wound infection in 4 patients and cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 2 patients, which were managed by reinforcement sutures and temporary external drainage. During the follow-up of 1-3years, 28 (84.8%) cases get better obviously in symptoms, and MRI re-examination showed no tethered cord in them. The other 5 cases did not suffer from an aggravation of nervous symptoms although a significant improvement was not achieved in them. Conclusions Early operation for tethered cord release should be performed under intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring to prevent the development of neurological defect. And releasing of tethered spinal cord and repairing of meningocele should be done simultaneously. Dural repair with Prolene displays significantly less cerebrospinal fluid leakage, less subcutaneous fluidity, and less extensive chronic inflammation and meningoneural adhesions.