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Objective To establish an online quantitative analysis model for moisture content assay of hydroxychloroquine sulfate particles by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Methods The NIR spectra were collected in real time when the material particles were dried in the fluidized bed. Meanwhile the water content of the particles was measured with the standard moisture tester. The multiplicative signal correction (MSC) and first derivative followed by Karl Norris smoothing were used for spectra pretreatment. Two spectral range (4 935−5 336 cm−1 and 6 911−7 297 cm−1) were selected for the quantitative model with the partial least squares (PLS) regression. Results The quantitative calibration model had good correlation coefficients with Rc value=0.952 9 and Rp value=0.936 6. The root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) was 0.408 and the root mean square error of prediction error (RMSEP) was 0.435. The ratio of standard deviation of validation set to prediction standard deviation (RPD) was 5.18. There was no significant difference between the predicted value and the reference value by t test when the established model was applied in large-scale production. Conclusion The online model established for monitoring water content has high accuracy and stability, which can be applied in industrial scale process to monitor the particle moisture in real time.
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OBJECTIVE@#Mutations in LIM domain binding 3 (LDB3) gene cause idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM), a structural heart disease with a complicated genetic background. However, the association of polymorphisms in the LDB3 gene with susceptibility to IDCM in Chinese populations remains unexplored as dose the impact on clinical presentation.@*METHODS@#We sequenced all exons and the adjacent part of introns of the LDB3 gene in 159 Chinese Han IDCM patients and 247 healthy controls. Then we detected the distribution of polymorphisms in the LDB3 gene in all participants and assessed their associations with risk of IDCM. Additionally, we conducted a stratified genotype-phenotype correlation analysis.@*RESULTS@#The A allele of rs4468255 was significantly associated with IDCM (P<0.01). The rs4468255, rs11812601, rs56165849, and rs3740346 were also associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (P<0.05). Notably, a higher frequency of rs4468255 polymorphism was observed in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) recipients under a recessive model (P<0.01), whereas the significant association disappeared after adjusting for potential confounders. However, in the dominant model, notable correlations could only be observed after adjusting for multi parameters.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The rs4468255 was significantly correlated with IDCM of Chinese Han population. A allele of rs4468255 is higher in IDCM patients with ICD implantation, suggesting the influence of genetic background in the generation of this response. In addition, rs11812601, rs56165849, and rs3740346 in LDB3 show association with brain natriuretic peptide, DBP, and LVEF levels in patients with IDCM but did not show any association with IDCM susceptibility.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics , Alleles , Asian People , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/surgery , China/epidemiology , Defibrillators, Implantable , Exons , Genetic Association Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , LIM Domain Proteins/genetics , Linkage Disequilibrium , Mutation , Polymorphism, Genetic , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#The aim of this study was to determine whether low calf circumference (CC) could predict nutritional risk and the cutoff values of CC for predicting nutritional risk in hospitalized patients aged ⪖ 80 years.@*METHODS@#A total of 1,234 consecutive patients aged ⪖ 80 years were enrolled in this study. On admission, demographic data, CC, and laboratory parameters were obtained. Patients with Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) total score ⪖ 3 were considered as having nutritional risk.@*RESULTS@#CC values were significantly lower in patients with nutritional risk compared to those in patients without nutritional risk [27.00 (24.50-31.00) vs. 31.00 (29.00-33.50], P < 0.001]. CC was negatively correlated with age and nutritional risk scores. Logistic regression analysis of nutritional risk revealed that body mass index, albumin level, hemoglobin level, cerebral infarction, neoplasms, and CC (OR, 0.897; 95% confidence interval, 0.856-0.941; P < 0.001) were independent impact factors of nutritional risk. Nutritional risk scores increased with a decrease in CC. In men, the best CC cutoff value for predicting nutritional risk according to the NRS-2002 was 29.75 cm. In women, the cutoff value was 28.25 cm.@*CONCLUSION@#CC is a simple, noninvasive, and valid anthropometric measure to predict nutritional risk for hospitalized patients aged ⪖ 80 years.
Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Anthropometry , Methods , China , Hospitalization , Leg , Nutritional Status , Risk Assessment , MethodsABSTRACT
The study was designed to test the estrogen-like effects about allantoin. The activity of the allantoin was investigated by mouse uterine weight gain test and MCF-7 cell proliferation assay. The levels of E2, FSH and LH were also measured. ICI182,780, MPP, THC and G15 antagonnist assay and Western blot were adopted to explore the mechanism of allantoin. Allantoin increased the uterus index of premature female mice, the levels of E2 and FSH, and the expression of ERα and GPR30, compared with the control group. Allantoin also promoted the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Co-incubation of MCF-7 cells with estrogen receptor blockers, ICI182,780, MPP and G15 abolished the inductive effect of the proliferation. These results suggest that allantoin has estrogenic activities, which are mainly mediated by ERα, GPR30.
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Aim To evaluate the estrogen-like activity of Semen Descurainiae aqueous extracts (SD-ae), to deter-mine its effective chemical separation components and to study the mechanisms. Methods The estrogen-like ac-tivity of SD-ae and its effective chemical separation com-ponents were evaluated by the animal experiment, uterine weight test and cell experiment, namely E-SCREEN ex-periment. Estrogen receptor antagonist ICI182,780 inter-vention blocking experiment was carried out to detect the pathway of estrogen-like action; the HEK293 cells were co-transfected with the report gene carrier and the ERα, ERβ expression vector by cationic liposome, the report gene carrier was constructed via the estrogen-responsive component (ERE) and the report gene luciferase (Luc), then the estrogen-like signaling pathway was evaluated with standardized Luc activity; the expression of estrogen receptor ERα, ERβ and estrogen-induced gene PR mR-NA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results Compared with normal control, SD-ae low and high dose could significantly improve the uterine coefficient of immature female mice(P<0.05), and the oligosaccharides composition of Semen Descurainiae aque-ous extracts(SD-ae-Oli) and the polysaccharide composi-tion of Semen Descurainiae aqueous extracts(SD-ae-Pol) also significantly improved the uterine coefficient of im-mature female mice (P<0.01 or P<0.05); SD-ae, SD-ae-Oli and SD-ae-Pol had a significant proliferative effect on MCF-7 cells ( P <0.01 or P <0.05), while ICI182,780 intervened to block its proliferative effect. The reporter gene technology showed that the standardized Luc activities of SD-ae, SD-ae-Oli and SD-ae-Pol were significantly higher than those of the normal control when they were induced by ERβ respectively (P<0.01); and the SD-ae significantly increased the expression of ERβ mRNA in mouse uterus than the normal control, but no effect was found on the expression of ERα and PR mR- NA. Conclusions The estrogenic effect of SD-ae may be found at the first time, and its effective chemical sepa-ration components are SD-ae-Oli and SD-ae-Pol. Their estrogenic effects are mediated by ERβ. The molecular mechanism of the estrogenic effects is probably that SD-ae promotes the expression of ERβ mRNA.
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Objective To investigate the pollution status of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water supply systems of Minhang District of Shanghai taking Huangpu River and Qingcaosha reservoir as water source.Methods A total of 126 water samples were collected from water supply system for residents in Minhang District in Feb.(dry season) and Aug.(wet season) of 2016,including source water from Huangpu River and Qingcaosha reservoir,the factory finished water and tap water.Purge and trap gas chromatography mass spectrometry was used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of 86 kinds of VOCs.Results Totally,32 and 28 kinds of VOCs were detected in the water supply systems from the Huangpu River and Qingcaosha reservoir,among which 19 and 21 pollutants were priority-controlled by the US EPA,and 18 and 14 species have the national standard in China separately.The concentration of detected pollutants ranged from 0.04 μg/L to 213μg/L and from 0.04μg/L to 728μg/L,respectively.The pollutants in the supply system of the Huangpu river were at the lower level except for methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).The pollutants in the supply system of Qingcaosha reservoir were lower than the national standards in addition to dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane,and with the higher level of Methyl chloride and MTBE.In both water supply systems,halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds were mainly types of VOCs,but there were varied types and quantities of compounds in each water supply system.The halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons accounted for 37.5％ and 56.2％ of the detected VOCs respectively,while aromatic compounds accounted for 64.3％ and 28.6％.A total of 5 disinfection by-products (DBP) were detected in both water supply systems,but the concentrations of dichloromethane,chloroform,bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane in the Qingcaosha reservoir water supply system were significantly higher than those in the Huangpu River water supply system,except for bromoform.The concentration of the disinfection by-products in order from large to small were in the tap water,factory finished water and source water,while dichloromethane was an exception.Conclusions There were VOC pollutions in both water supply system in Minhang District,including source water,factory finished water and tap water,with different pollution characteristics.Adequate attention should be paid to the pollutants without national standards in the future water quality monitoring work.
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Objective To investigate the pollution status of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water supply systems of Minhang District of Shanghai taking Huangpu River and Qingcaosha reservoir as water source.Methods A total of 126 water samples were collected from water supply system for residents in Minhang District in Feb.(dry season) and Aug.(wet season) of 2016,including source water from Huangpu River and Qingcaosha reservoir,the factory finished water and tap water.Purge and trap gas chromatography mass spectrometry was used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of 86 kinds of VOCs.Results Totally,32 and 28 kinds of VOCs were detected in the water supply systems from the Huangpu River and Qingcaosha reservoir,among which 19 and 21 pollutants were priority-controlled by the US EPA,and 18 and 14 species have the national standard in China separately.The concentration of detected pollutants ranged from 0.04 μg/L to 213μg/L and from 0.04μg/L to 728μg/L,respectively.The pollutants in the supply system of the Huangpu river were at the lower level except for methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).The pollutants in the supply system of Qingcaosha reservoir were lower than the national standards in addition to dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane,and with the higher level of Methyl chloride and MTBE.In both water supply systems,halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds were mainly types of VOCs,but there were varied types and quantities of compounds in each water supply system.The halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons accounted for 37.5％ and 56.2％ of the detected VOCs respectively,while aromatic compounds accounted for 64.3％ and 28.6％.A total of 5 disinfection by-products (DBP) were detected in both water supply systems,but the concentrations of dichloromethane,chloroform,bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane in the Qingcaosha reservoir water supply system were significantly higher than those in the Huangpu River water supply system,except for bromoform.The concentration of the disinfection by-products in order from large to small were in the tap water,factory finished water and source water,while dichloromethane was an exception.Conclusions There were VOC pollutions in both water supply system in Minhang District,including source water,factory finished water and tap water,with different pollution characteristics.Adequate attention should be paid to the pollutants without national standards in the future water quality monitoring work.
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To isolate the anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on bioactivity-guided separation. Trichosanthis Pericarpium was extracted with boiling water and precipitated by ethanol, then its supernatant was collected and dialyzed. The retentate of the fractions above 1 000 was lyophilized to obtain GLP, which was then successively separated by DEAE Sepharose fast flow anion-exchange and Superdex-75 gel permeation chromatographic steps to achieve GLP-1-1. A combination of HPGPC, monosaccharide compositions determination and ACE inhibitory activity studies was performed to investigate the structure and bioactivity. The results showed that an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide, GLP-1-1, was obtained from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on activity tracking, whose average molecular weight was estimated to 1 367; mainly composed of arabinose, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 0.2∶4.3∶10.0. GLP-1-1 showed potent anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect with the IC₅₀of (113.4±8.6) mg•L⁻¹. In this study, an oligosaccharide with anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect was isolated from Trichosanthis Pericarpium, which could lay the foundation for the substance basis study of Trichosanthis Pericarpium.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of androgen receptor (AR) on IgG protein expression and the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Western blotting was used to detect the expression of AR protein and IgG in androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCap cells and castration-resistant prostate cancer PC-3 cells. In AR-overexpressing cells (PC-3-AR cells) established by transfecting PC-3 with AR gene (pCDNA3.1) and LNCap cells with small interfering RNA-mediated AR silencing (LNCap-siAR cells) were analyzed for expressions of AR protein and IgG with Western blotting; the expression of IgG mRNA was detected by Q-PCR, and the cell proliferation and migration were assessed with MTT assay and wound healing assay, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with PC-3 cells, LNCap cells expressed a higher level of AR protein and a lower level of IgG (P<0.05). PC-3-AR cells showed attenuated proliferation and migration with a lowered expression of IgG (P<0.01), while LNCap-siAR cells showed enhanced proliferation and migration with increased expression of IgG (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of AR is inversely correlated with IgG and is associated with the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells in vitro.</p>
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With the advancement of manned space science and technology,the scope of human exploration into outer space has been gradually expanded.The time and distances that astronauts flight on-board are becoming longer and longer.However,long-term microgravity can negatively affect astronauts' physical and psychological aspects,thus influencing their health and leading to the failure of work tasks,and even threatening their lives.This paper reviews USA,Russia and Europe research results in the field of astronauts on-board physical training methods and health protection measures,with the purpose of learning from their successful experience.Overall,it is suggested that for cross complementation in sport science,we should make the introduction of advanced and successful training systems to solve problems existing in astronauts on-board training,ensuring the maintenance of health.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in nonalcoholic fatty steatosis hepatocyte models induced by oleic acid.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Nonalcoholic fatty steatosis hepatocyte models induced by oleic acid on immortalized human hepatocyte, Oil red O staining and intracellular triglycerides were detected for observing the situation of IHH cells fatty degeneration. IHH cells were divided into control group, NAFLD group, which the control group cultured in DMEM/F12 medium, NAFLD group were treated with oleic acid, 0.5 mmol/L treatment for 72 h. The expression of mRNA and protein of IGF-1 and IGFBP3 were measured by immunofluorescent staining, Western blot and RT-PCR methods. Between the two groups were compared using the t- test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The steatosis models of the hepatocytes were established successfully with 0.5 mmol/L oleic acid. Lipid droplets were observed through Oil red O staining. The level of hepatocyte TG was increased (275.7+/-27.2) mug/mg from (150.2+/-15.6) mug/mg (t = 21.67, P less than 0.01). Compared with the control group, the mRNA of IGF-1 (0.76+/-0.04 vs 4.82+/-1.51, t = 17.915, P less than 0.01), IGFBP-3 (1.58+/-0.93 vs 5.41+/-1.37, t = 12.893, P less than 0.01) and protein expression of IGF-1 (1.00+/-0.29 vs 2.56+/-0.71, t = 29.17, P less than 0.01), IGFBP-3 (0.65+/-0.36 vs 1.23+/-0.91, t = 32. 12, P less than 0.01) significantly decreased in oleic acid-treated group. The results of immunofluorescence staining also confirm the significantly decreased protein expression of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in NAFLD group compared with control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 decreased in nonalcoholic fatty steatosis hepatocyte models, which will provide the experimental basis for the further study of the mechanism of the limited height of some children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in clinical.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Line , Fatty Liver , Metabolism , Pathology , Hepatocytes , Metabolism , Pathology , Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 , Genetics , Metabolism , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I , Genetics , Metabolism , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of growth hormone (GH) combined with Radix Dipsaci on the body growth and the bone mineral content (BMC) of hypophysectomized rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The GH deficiency rats model was established using the hypophysectomized operation through the skull and the throat. Qualified rats were divided into the sham-operation group (n = 15), the negative control group (n = 13), the GH intervention group (n = 13), and the GH combined with Radix Dipsaci group(n = 12). GH (0.25 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected from the cervical part in the GH intervention group and the GH combined with Radix Dipsaci group at the same time, while equal volume of normal saline was injected to the rest groups. 0.7 mL/100 kg Radix Dipsaci was given by gastrogavage to the GH combined with Radix Dipsaci group at the same time, while equal volume of normal saline was given by gastrogave to the rest groups. The body weight, the tail length, and the body length were measured during the intervention period. Blood was withdrawn after 14-day intervention. The femoral bone and the tibial bone were taken out. The levels of GH, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OC) were measured. The width of the tibial epiphyseal plate was measured. The bilateral femur bone mineral density (BMD) and BMC were measured using the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The body weight, the body length, the length of the femoral bone, the length of the tibial bone, the width of the epiphyseal plate, the levels of the GH, IGF-1, ALP, and OC increased in the GH intervention group and the GH combined with Radix Dipsaci group after 2-week intervention, showing statistical difference when compared with the model group (P < 0.01). But there was no statistical difference in the tail length though it also increased (P > 0.05). There was insignificant difference in the aforesaid indices between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the BMD of the GH combined with Radix Dipsaci group increased with statistical difference (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the BMC of the GH intervention group and the GH combined with Radix Dipsaci group increased with statistical difference (P < 0.01). It was highest in the GH combined with Radix Dipsaci group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>GH combined with Radix Dipsaci showed unobvious effect on promoting the growth. But it could elevate BMD and BMC, and improve the bone metabolism.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Bone Development , Bone and Bones , Metabolism , Dipsacaceae , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Growth Hormone , Pharmacology , Hypophysectomy , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in young rats, and to investigate the metabolic characteristics of these rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen male and fifteen female SD rats of 3 weeks old were randomly divided into three groups, normal group (N), 20% high fat group (HF1) and 30% high fat group (HF2). All the rats were fed under Specific pathogen Free (SPF) condition for 6 weeks and executed at the end of the 6th week. Body length and weight of each rat as well as their liver weight were measured for calculating Liver Index (LI). ALT, AST, TG, TC, INS, Glu and HOMA-IR in the blood were measured. Liver tissue homogenate was prepared for detecting TG level. The liver section was stained with HE and oil red. The expression of SPEBP-1 and leptin in liver was detected by immunostaining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The typical pathological change of NAFLD was found in the rats of HF groups. In HF2 group, no rats died during the experiment and the degree of fat degeneration is homogeneous. Comparing with those in N group, TC (mmol/L), liver TG (mmol/L) and ALT levels in HF2 group were significantly elevated (2.50+/-0.39 vs 1.82+/-0.43, P less than 0.01; 25.38+/-13.29 vs 12.09+/-9.59, P less than 0.01 and 69.80+/-18.22 vs 48.00+/-10.45, P less than 0.01, respectively). Comparing with those in N group, TG level in HF1 group was significantly decreased (0.17+/-0.10 vs 0.32+/-0.12, P less than 0.05), Glu level in HF1 group was significantly elevated (12.33+/-3.48 vs 8.13+/-2.53, P less than 0.05). There were no significant difference between the results of AST, INS and HOMA-IR among the groups. The expression level of SREBP-1 and leptin increased in HF groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NAFLD can be induced by 30% high-fat feeding for 6 weeks in young rats, high-fat feeding induces the expression of SREBP-1 and leptin expression and fat synthesis.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Blood Glucose , Metabolism , Body Mass Index , Cholesterol , Blood , Dietary Fats , Disease Models, Animal , Fatty Liver , Blood , Pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Insulin , Blood , Insulin Resistance , Leptin , Metabolism , Liver , Metabolism , Pathology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 , Metabolism , Triglycerides , BloodABSTRACT
Objective To compare the effects of oxygen therapy and local pressurization in alleviating plateau hypoxia at high altitude.Methods Forty-five healthy male soldiers were investigated at an altitude of 3992 meters.The subjects were randomly divided into three groups, ie.an oxygen inhalation group, a single-soldier oxygen increasing respirator (SOIR) group and a BiPAP group.The oxygen inhalation group was treated with oxygen inhalation via nasal catheter at 2 L/min.SOIR was used to assist breath in the SOIR group.The BiPAP group were treated with bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation, with IPAP of 10 cm H20 and EPAP of 4 cm H2O.PaO2、PaCO2、SpO2 and heart rate were measured before and 30 minutes after the treatment.Results There were continuous increase of PaO2 from (53.30±4.88) mm Hg to (58.58±5.05) mm Hg and (54.43±3.01) mm Hg to (91.36±10.99) mm Hg after BiPAP ventilation and oxygen inhalation, respectively (both P < 0.01).However, the PaO2、of the SOIR group was decreased from (56.00±5.75) mm Hg to (50.82±5.40) mm Hg (P < 0.05).In the other hand, the PaCO2、 was increased from (30.41±1.51) mm Hg to (32.5±2.98) mm Hg in the oxygen inhalation group (P< 0.05), declined from (28.74±2.91) mm Hg to (25.82±4.35) mm Hg in the BiPAP group (P < 0.05), and didn't change significantly from (28.65±2.78)mm Hg to (29.75±3.89) nun Hg in the SOIR group (P > 0.05).Conclusions Both BiPAP ventilation and oxygen inhalation can alleviate plateau hypoxia by improving PaO2 at 3992 meter altitude while SOIR has no significant effect.
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In this paper, GLUT4 vesicles are observed in real-time under TIRF microscopy and a new three-dimensional single particle tracking algorithm according to the unique features of TIRF is put forward. Firstly a fluorescence correction procedure was processed to solve the problem of fluorescence bleaching over time and mobile vesicles were segmented by an adaptive background subtraction method. Kalman filtering was then introduced to track the granules so as to reduce the searching range and to avoid the disturbance of background noise and false targets. In the experiments the algorithm was applied in analyzing the long-distance movement of GLUT4 vesicles. The experimental results indicate that the algorithm has achieved robust tracking of the vesicles in the imaging plane and has effectively calculated the position in the direction orthogonal to the imaging plane.
Subject(s)
Glucose Transporter Type 4 , Metabolism , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Methods , Ion Transport , Microscopy, Fluorescence , MethodsABSTRACT
This paper introduces a design for an embedded cancer pain-reliever based on ARM. In this pain-reliever, ARM7 S3C44B0 is CPU, CPLD generates precise waves, DC-DC boost convertor generates high voltage and it has a secondary music-therapy function.
Subject(s)
Analgesia , Artificial Intelligence , Equipment DesignABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the technique of induction of polyploidy in Salvia bowleyana by colchicine treatment.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The three kinds of explant of bud, leaf and calli were induced by colchicine treatment.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The induction effects were better when the calli was treated by colchicines (15 mg x L(-1)) and the leaf was pre-cultured for one week. The doubling rate was 33.33%, while the majority were wholy doubled plants, and the leaves were thicker and broader, the color was darker, the root was thicker and the stoma size was obviously bigger than the diploid plants. The number of chromosome were 8 to 64. Isoenzyme analysis showed that the enzyme activities between the polyploid and the diploid plants were quite different.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Induction of polyploidy by colchicine treatment is efficacious. The part of the doubled plants were identified as homologmous tetraploids.</p>
Subject(s)
Chromosomes, Plant , Genetics , Colchicine , Pharmacology , Plant Leaves , Genetics , Plant Shoots , Genetics , Plants, Medicinal , Genetics , Polyploidy , Salvia , GeneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To discuss the manifestation characteristics of mezlocillin injection-induced ADR.METHODS:Mezlocillin injection-induced ADR cases reported in domestic pharmaceutical journals between 1999 and July.2006 were retrieved from China Hospital Digital Library(CHDL) and analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The clinical manifestation of ADR induced by mezlocillin was characterized by allergic reactions or even anaphylactic shock.The major ADR types were first-using immediate type and the speedy outbreak type.CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to allergic reactions induced by mezlocillin injection.
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OBJECTIVE:To discuss the general rules and characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADRs)of lamivudine.METHODS:43national case reports of ADRs of lamivudine between1999and2005were classified and analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The affected patients ranged in age from8years to45years,with more males than females.There were no rules in the onset time of ADRs.The ADRS were mainly characterized by nervous system responses and aggravation of hepatitis in clinic.CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to ADRs of lamivudine to ensure the safety of drug use in clinic.
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Objective: To study the effects of four separation and purification methods on total anthraquinone content in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei decoction. Methods: To Compare the purification efficiency of four methods: gelatim precipition, pH adjustment, polyamide adsorption and macropurous resin adsoption, solid content and total anthraquinone in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei decoction were selected as markers. Results: All solid content of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei decoction greatly decreased after purification while the total anthraquinone content was varied from one method to another. The total anthraquinone content retention rate of macroporous adsorption resin Ⅰ and Ⅱ were highest ( 93.21% , 95.63% respectively). Conclusion: Macropurous adsorption resin have a good enriching effect on the separation and purification of total anthraquinone in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei decoction.