The Uptake and Distribution Evidence of Nano- and Microplastics in vivo after a Single High Dose of Oral Exposure / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#Tissue uptake and distribution of nano-/microplastics was studied at a single high dose by gavage in vivo.@*METHODS@#Fluorescent microspheres (100 nm, 3 μm, and 10 μm) were given once at a dose of 200 mg/(kg∙body weight). The fluorescence intensity (FI) in observed organs was measured using the IVIS Spectrum at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h after administration. Histopathology was performed to corroborate these findings.@*RESULTS@#In the 100 nm group, the FI of the stomach and small intestine were highest at 0.5 h, and the FI of the large intestine, excrement, lung, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscles were highest at 4 h compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). In the 3 μm group, the FI only increased in the lung at 2 h ( P < 0.05). In the 10 μm group, the FI increased in the large intestine and excrement at 2 h, and in the kidney at 4 h ( P < 0.05). The presence of nano-/microplastics in tissues was further verified by histopathology. The peak time of nanoplastic absorption in blood was confirmed.@*CONCLUSION@#Nanoplastics translocated rapidly to observed organs/tissues through blood circulation; however, only small amounts of MPs could penetrate the organs.

Detection of HOXA3 gene expression and apoptosis in myocardial tissues of children with tetralogy of fallot / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the potential role of HOXA3 gene in children with tetralogy of fallot (TOF) by detection the expression of HOXA3 mRNA and protein levels,as well as the apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the developing heart tissues.Methods Twenty-two surgical samples from sporadic cases of TOF determined by prenatal color Doppler ultrasound and autopsy [gestational age(25.67 ± 7.68) weeks,TOF group] were examined with quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot to evaluate the expression of HOXA3 gene.Twelve age-matched autopsies without heart structural abnormalities [gestational age (26.55 ± 6.36) weeks,control group] were also included.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling(TUNEL) assay was performed to clarify the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.The difference between the 2 groups and the correlation analysis of HOXA3 level and the apoptotic cardiomyocytes were performed with SPSS 13.0 software.Results Compared with control group,HOXA3 mRNA expression of the outflow tract of the right ventricle from the TOF group was significantly reduced(P ＜ O.01).Western blot also confirmed that the HOXA3 protein was accordingly reduced(P ＜0.01).The proportion of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in samples of TOF group was significantly greater than that of control group (P ＜ 0.01).The proportion of apoptotic cells was strongly correlated with the mRNA and protein expression of HOXA3 (r =-0.566,-0.759,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Reduction of HOXA3 gene expression and the increase of apoptotic cardiomyocytes at the crucial stage during heart development may play a potential role in the onset of TOF.

Protective effect of ghrelin on left ventricular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats is associated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent pathway / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Studies suggested that exogenous ghrelin administration could prevent early left ventricular remodeling in rats with myocardial infarction. We investigated herein whether ghrelin attenuated left ventricular remodeling induced by hypertension and whether ghrelin's effect was mediated through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma)-dependent pathway.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Spontaneously hypertensive rats (8-week-old males) were randomly divided into three groups with 12 rats in each: ghrelin group (received ghrelin 100 microg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) twice daily); ghrelin + GW9662 group (received the PPAR-gamma antagonist GW9662 at 2 mg/kg s.c., and then ghrelin as above); saline controls. Normal male Wistar Kyoto rats (n = 12) served as normal controls. Four weeks later, the effects of ghrelin on cardiac remodeling were evaluated by echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and histopathological examination, and gene expression analysis (PPAR-gamma protein and mRNA expression). The serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ghrelin prevented ventricular remodeling, increased PPAR-gamma expression in the myocardium, suppressed collagen I and collagen III mRNA expression, and also decreased the serum levels of TNF-alpha, but not CRP. All abovementioned effects of ghrelin were inhibited by GW9662.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ghrelin inhibited ventricular remodeling induced by hypertension, and the preventive effects of ghrelin may be mediated by the anti-inflammatory actions of the PPAR-gamma-dependent pathway.</p>

Effect of High Fat and High Energy Diet on Expression of Sirt1/FOXO1 in White Fat Tissue of Young Rats / 实用儿科临床杂志

OR group,moreover the differences were significant(P0.05),however,both genes in the 2 groups′ expression level significantly were lower than that in control group(Pa