ABSTRACT
The occurrence and progression of thyroid cancer are related to a series of molecular changes and the activation of signaling pathways, which is the basis of targeted therapy. For inoperable locally advanced, metastatic and refractory thyroid cancer, especially anaplastic thyroid cancer, the efficacy of targeted therapies, particularly tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) , has been demonstrated in clinical trials. TKIs can relieve clinical symptoms, improve patients’quality of life, prolong the progress free survival, and even create opportunities for radical operation or reoperation. This article reviews and summarizes the key molecular events in tumorigenesis and progression of thyroid cancer, and analyzes the results of clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of different TKIs in refractory advanced thyroid cancer, in order to provide reference and assistance for individualized targeted therapy of patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the relationship between surgical resection range and prognosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma.Methods:Clinical data of 39 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma treated in Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital from Jan 2017 to Mar 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:There were 13 males and 26 females, age ranging from 26 to 72 years old. Preoperative calcitonin levels increased from 21.5 to 20 000 ng/L. Tumor stage: stage Ⅰ was 35.9%, stage Ⅱ 23.1%, stage Ⅲ 25.6%, stage Ⅳ 15.4%. The proportion of lymph node metastasis in central region was 53.8% (21/39). The proportion of lateral cervical lymph node metastasis was 43.6% (17/39), which was statistically related with the preoperative calcitonin level ≥200 ng/L. The median follow-up was 10 months, and the biochemical and anatomical cure rates were 66.7% and 33.3% respectively. Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, temporary and permanent hypothyroidism were 2.6%, 23% and 2.6%, respectively. There was no postoperative hemorrhage, infection, lymphatic leak or death.Conclusions:Bilateral total thyroidectomy, and at least ispilateral central lymph node dissection were advocated for patients with MTC. When preoperative calcitonin level ≥200 ng/L, lateral cervical lymph node dissection is advised.
ABSTRACT
One of the major risks of total thyroidectomy, especially with central cervical lymph node dissection, is unintentional resection and devascularization of the parathyroid gland (PG) , which leads to temporary or permanent hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT) and causes hypocalcemia. Nowadays postoperative hypoPT is one of the most troubling complications for both surgeons and patients all around the world. In addition, primary or renal hypoPT requires the removal of pathological PG (s) . However, rapid identification of PGs, particularly ectopic or excess PG, could be sometimes difficult. Currently, the identification and protection of PGs mainly depend on the experience of surgeons and auxiliary methods such as fast frozen pathology, the negative imaging through nano-carbon, or PTH test strip, still have some limitations. As initial researches show, near-infrared autofluorescence imaging and optical coherence tomography can accurately perform the real-time identification of PGs; indocyanine green fluorescence or laser speckle contrast imaging can help to judge the activity of PGs intraoperatively. The basic principle, clinical application and prospect of these optical techniques in thyroid and parathyroid surgery will be reviewed in our article.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the expression level of TRPM7 in breast cancer tissues and adjacent carcinoma tissues and to analyze its clinicalpathological characteristics.Methods:The expressions of TRPM7 in 87 breast cancer and 47 adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, and then the relationship between expression and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed.Results:The positive rate of TRPM7 in breast cancer tissues was 66.7%, significantly higher than that in para-cancer tissues (10.6%) ( P<0.001) . Meanwhile, TRPM7 expression was much higher in those with tumor diameter≥2 cm ( P=0.023) , TNM stage III ( P=0.001) and lymph node metastasis ( P=0.015) . The expression of TRPM7 has nothing to do with patients’ age ( P=0.455) or histological grade ( P=0.577) . Conclusions:High expression of TRPM7 is associated with the development of breast cancer. TRPM7 may become a potential biological indicator to monitor the prognosis of breast cancer in the future.
ABSTRACT
Hypercalcemic crisis (HC) is a rare but critical electrolyte disorder, which may result in death if rapid correct management is not given due to the injury of the neurologic, cardiovascular and renal systems. Severe primary hyperthyroidism (PHPT) is listed as the most common cause of hypercalcemic crisis. Prompt surgical removal of the parathyroid glands is the most effective cure for HC. Nevertheless, hypercalcemic crisis after a successful parathyroidectomy is infrequent. Now, we report a case admitted to the Department of General Surgery of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital about a successful therapy of hypercalcemic crisis postparathyroidectomy in Sep. 2019, aiming to remind clinicians of the individualized program of calcium supplement after surgery of hyperparathyroidism and emphasize the value of renal dialysis in HC.
ABSTRACT
One hundred and sixty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) aged 60 years or older admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital from September 2017 to May 2018 were enrolled. There were 90 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN group) and 75 patients without DPN (NDPN group). The clinical data, laboratory tests and other indicators of the two groups were recorded, and the univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were performed. Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference in age, duration of diabetes, hemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 2-h post-prandial blood glucose (2 hPBG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), treatment compliance and the relation-ship with family members between DPN and NDPN groups (P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the duration of diabetes, HbA1c, HDL-C, Hb and treatment compliance were independent risk factors for DPN in elderly patients with T2DM (P<0.05).
ABSTRACT
One hundred and sixty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) aged 60 years or older admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital from September 2017 to May 2018 were enrolled.There were 90 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN group) and 75 patients without DPN (NDPN group).The clinical data,laboratory tests and other indicators of the two groups were recorded,and the univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were performed.Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference in age,duration of diabetes,hemoglobin (Hb),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),2-h postprandial blood glucose (2 hPBG),high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C),treatment compliance and the relationship with family members between DPN and NDPN groups (P＜0.05).Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the duration of diabetes,HbA1c,HDL-C,Hb and treatment compliance were independent risk factors for DPN in elderly patients with T2DM (P＜O.05).
ABSTRACT
Objective To provide experimental materials for exploring the function of breast cancer susceptibility gene 2(BRCA2) gene by establishing of an mouse immortalized mammary gland epithelial cell line as a cell model system.Methods In this study,the primary mouse mammary epithelial cells were isolated and purified by enzyme digestion and differential centrifugation.The resulting primary mouse mammary gland epithelial cells were transducted with lentivirus expressing human telomerase (hTERT) gene,and screened by hygromycin B.The surviving epithelial cells were further characterized by morphology observations and cytokeratin marker detection.Results Immortalized mouse mammary epithelial cells were obtained by infection of MMECs with lentivirus expressing human telomerase(hTERT) gene,screened by hygromycin B.Morphology observations and detection of the cytokeratin marker showed the immortalized MMECs had a typical morphology of luminal epithelial cells with strong expression of cytokeratin 14.Conclusion An immortalized mouse luminal epithelial cell line is successfully established with an uniform morphology,which provides a cell model system for the future exploration on BRCA2-related tumorigenesis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical pathological characteristics and the prognosis of the invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of breast cancer.Methods The clinical pathological characteristics of 47 IMPC patients treated in the Second Hospital of Jilin University from Jan.2010 to Dec.2016 were retrospectively analyzed.A long term survival has been followed.Results 47 IMPC patients were all female.The median age was 56(34-76) years old.The median diameter of the tumor was 1.9(0.8-7.0) cm.The rate of axillary lymph node metastasis was 66.7％ (30/44),the median number of axillary lymph node metastasis was 9.5 (1-55),and the metastasis number of 1 to 3 accounted for 43.3％ (13/30),the metastasis number of 4 to 9 accounted for 6.7％ (2/30),and the metastasis number more than 10 accounted for 50％ (15/30).The lymphatic invasion rate was 40.2％(39/97),and the skin and (or) the nipple invasion rate was 15.6％(7/45).The positive rate of ER,PR,HER2,E-Cadherin was 95.7％(44/46),91.3％(42/46),10.5％(4/38),100％(40/40),respectively.The tumor cell growth index marked by Ki-67 was 1％-80％,and 78.3％ patients' tumor cell growth index marked by Ki-67 were more than 20％.Conclusions IMPC is a relatively rare special type of breast cancer,which typically occurs at middle-aged and old female.The expression of ER,PR,E-Cadherin is high and the expression of HER2 is low.It has strong ability and high positive rate of lymph node metastasis,lymphatic invasion,and poor prognosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of canonical Wnt signaling pathway in type 2 diabetes mice peripheral neuropathy. Methods Male C57BL6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups. One group treated with normal diet as control. And the rest were used to establish the diabetic model through the combination of 60 kcal% high fat diet and an administration of multipleand low dose of streptozotocin on 5 consecutive days. When the model of type 2 diabetes mice peripheral neuropathy was successfully established, one group was injected with the canonical Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor XAV 939 ( T2DM-XAV 939 group) and the other one was injected with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as control (T2DM-PBS group). The 21stweek was the end point of the experiment, and fasting blood glucose, insulin level, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), plantar test, and exercise tolerance were measured, realtime PCR were adopted to detect the related mRNA expression of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Results T2DM-XAV 939 group had higher total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, and HOMA-IR than T2DM-PBS group, but showed no statistical difference. The enzymatic activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase was lower level than that in T2DM-PBS group (P＜0.05); T2DM-XAV 939 group had significantly higher plantar test and poorer exercise tolerance than those in T2DM-PBS group (P＜0.05). The mRNA levels of genes in canonical Wnt signaling pathway such as β-catenin, c-myc, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) had slightly lower level than those in T2DM-PBS group, without statistical difference, and the protein expression of c-myc was lower than that of T2DM-PBS group (P＜0.05). The insulin receptor substeate 2 (IRS-2) mRNA expression was higher than that in T2DM-PBS group (P＜0.05). With the development of the experiment, we found that the survival rate of the T2DM-XAV 939 group was significantly reduced compared with the other groups. Conclusion Inhibition of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway may aggravate diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate protective of umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells ( UC-MSC ) on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( IPF ) experimental mode was induced by bleomycin in mice .Methods IPF experimental mode induced by bleomycin with intratracheal injection , and then the fourth generation UC-MSC was injected in caudal vein.The lung tissues were obtained to evaluate the influence of UC-MSC on IPF by the observation of histological evaluation(HE) and Masson staining, the detection content of hydroxyprine(HYP), superoxyde dismutase(SOD) and malonaldehyde ( MDA) .Results The HE and Masson staining showed that bleomycin +UC-MSC group could alleviate inflammatory cell infiltration and pulmonary interstitial collagen deposition.bleomycin+UC-MSC group could decline the content of HYP(P<0.01), MDA(P<0.05) and improve the content of SOD(P<0.01)compared with bleomycin group.Conclusion UC-MSC exhibits an protective effect on IPF experimental mode induced by bleomycin in mice.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, fourteen new L-proline derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their acetlcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities were also investigated in vitro. New L-proline derivatives were prepared from substituted 2-bromo-1-acetophenones through four-step reaction; and their bioactivities as AChE inhibitors were measured by Ellman spectrophotometry. The results showed that the target compounds had a certain AChE inhibitory activity to in vitro. The bioactivity of compound 8b was the best of them, and its IC50 value was 5.45 µmol.L-1, which was better than that of rivastigmine. So the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of new L-proline derivatives were worth to be further studied.
ABSTRACT
The target compounds were prepared from 5-aminobenzimidazolone by two steps reaction, and their AChE inhibitory activities were measured by Ellman method in vitro. The AChE inhibitory activity of compound 4d is the best of them, and its IC50 value is equal to 7.2 μmol·L(-1), which is better than that of rivastigmine; moreover the 4d had no inhibitory activities to BuChE. Therefore, the inhibitory activities of 5-aminobenzimidazolone derivatives to acetylcholinesterase are worth further researching.
ABSTRACT
0.05). Conclusions Silencing STAT3 gene can decrease STAT3 gene expressions , increase Bax gene expressions , induce cell apoptosis and suppress the tumor growth in the human breast carcinoma model by the RNAi technology .
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the hypotensive effect of Compound Folium Eucommiae Mixture. Methods: 60 patients with hypertension were divided into two groups at random. Apart from taking original hypotensor (in original varieties and dosages), the patients in the test group took Compounal Folium Eucommiae Mixture. The patients in the control group took only original hypotensor (in original varieties and dosages). Results: There was a significant difference between two groups ( P