ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Dahuang Mudantang in alleviating the intestinal injury in the rat model of acute pancreatitis via the high-mobility group box 1 （HMGB1）/receptor for advanced glycation endproduct （RAGE）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway. MethodOne hundred and twenty SPF-grade Wistar rats received retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct for the modeling of intestinal injury in acute pancreatitis. The rats were randomized into blank， model， low-， medium-， and high-dose （3.5， 7， 14 g·kg-1， administrated by gavage） Dahuang Mudantang， and octreotide （1×10-5 g·kg-1， subcutaneous injection） groups （n=20）. The rats in blank and model groups received equal volume of distilled water by gavage. Drugs were administered 1 h before and every 12 h after modeling， and samples were collected 24 h after modeling. The general status of the rats was observed. The biochemical methods were employed to measure the levels of amylase （AMS） and C-reactive protein （CRP） in the serum. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， interleukin （IL）-1β， and IL-6 in the colon tissue. The morphological changes of pancreatic and colon tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were employed to measure the expression levels of HMGB1， RAGE， inhibitor of NF-κB kinase （IKK）， and NF-κB suppressor protein α（IκBα）in the colon tissue. ResultThe rats in the model group showed poor general survival， writhing response， reduced frequency of defecation， and dry stool. The symptoms of rats in the model group were mitigated in each treatment group， and the high-dose Dahuang Mudantang showed the most significant effect. Compared with the normal group， the model group had elevated AMS and CRP levels （P<0.05）， which were lowered by Dahuang Mudantang （P<0.05）， especially that at the high dose （P<0.05）. Compared with the normal group， the modeling elevated that levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 （P<0.05）. Such elevations were lowered by Dahuang Mudantang （P<0.05）， and the high-dose group and the octreotide group showed better performance （P<0.05）. The modeling caused necrotic， congested， and destructed pancreatic and colonic tissues， which were ameliorated by the drugs， especially high-dose Dahuang Mudantang. Compared with the normal group， the modeling up-regulated the mRNA levels of HMGB1， RAGE， IKK， IκBα， and NF-κB （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， Dahuang Mudantang and octreotide down-regulated the mRNA levels of HMGB1， RAGE， IKK， IκBα， and NF-κB （P<0.05）， and the high-dose Dahuang Mudantang demonstrated the best performance （P<0.05）. Western blot results showed a trend consistent with the results of Real-time PCR. ConclusionDahuang Mudantang can improved the general status， reduce inflammation， and alleviate histopathological changes in the pancreatic and colon tissues in the rat model of acute pancreatitis by inhibiting the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To explor e the characteristics of spectral oscillatory power of resting-state electroencephalography(EEG) in subjective tinnitus patients and to lay the foundation for study of central mechanism of tinnitus.METHODS 31 subjects(15 subjects with subjective tinnitus and 16 age matching healthy subjects) underwent a 128-channel resting-state EEG analyses. After a series of preprocessing, data were segmented into 8 frequency bands, including δ(0.5～3.5 Hz), θ(4～7.5 Hz), α1(8～10 Hz), α2(10～12 Hz), β1(13～18 Hz), β2(18.5～21 Hz), β3(21.5～30 Hz) and γ(30.5～44 Hz). The group differences of spectral power were analyzed by independent t test. Correlation between spectral power of each frequency band and tinnitus subjective symptoms were also analyzed. RESULTS Significant higher spectral power of the α1, β and γ bandwere found in the left and right temporal areas of tinnitus group compared with that of normal group.Tinnitus subjects also had higher spectral powerof the δ and θ band in temporo-parietal areas than that of the normal group. There was no significant difference of spectral power in other frequency bands. Moreover, signif icant positive cor relation were found between tinnitus loudness and spectralpower of right anterior lateral(R=0.66, P =0.007) and right anterior medial(R=0.58, P =0.031) areas. CONCLUSION Tinnitus subjects have higher spectral oscillatory power on right and left temporal lobe and temporo-parietal area. A positive correlation exsit between tinnitus loudness andspectral power of right anterior lateral and medial areas in tinnitus subjects, whichindicate that central reorganizationexsit in tinnitus reorganization andγ band maybe considered as a possible biomarkerforthe tinnitus subjective symptom.