Breakfast consumption and influencing factors of primary and middle school students in rural poor areas of Guizhou Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current situation of breakfast consumption and its influencing factors in primary and middle school students in a poor rural area in a city in Guizhou Province, and to provide scientific basis for child nutrition education and intervention.@*Methods@#A stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of breakfast behavior and influencing factors among 2 833 students from 3 primary schools and 3 middle schools in a area of Guizhou Province from April to June 2019.@*Results@#The most frequently consumed breakfast was rice noodle products(71.66%), followed by fresh vegetables(45.89%), milk(35.55%), meat/egg/fish(29.33%), beans(19.52%), and fresh fruits(18.74%). The proportion of having breakfast everyday among elementary and middle school students who was 62.97%, and having breakfast 4-6 days peer week was 22.80%, and 14.23% with ≤3 days peer week, and the proportion of boys who ate breakfast every day(65.07%) was higher than girls(61.00%)(χ2=10.01, P<0.05). The proportion of low quality breakfast was 71.87%, and girls(73.68%) were higher than boys(69.94%)(χ2=9.29, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that grade of school, boarding school, and sleep quality are all influencing factors for whether to eat breakfast every day; grade of school, whether to stay at school were factors that affect breakfast quality(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The frequency and quality of breakfast need more improvement among middle and primary school students in a poor rural area of a city in Guizhou Province. Students, parents, and teachers should be educated on nutrition to promote healthy eating and sleeping habits and improve student health.

Efficacy of thalidomide on trinitrobenzene sulfonate-induced colitis in young rats and its mechanism / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Thalidomide could relieve clinical symptoms and intestinal mucosal lesions effectively in children with refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from the pre-clinical study. This study aimed to observe the therapeutic effect of thalidomide by the established animal model of IBD model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and to investigate the possible mechanism of action.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 82 SD rats of about 4-5 weeks were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (25 rats), TNBS-treated group (29 rats), and thalidomide treatment group (28 rats). Daily activities were recorded. At least eight rats from each group were killed on the 4th, 7th, and 14th days. Morphological and histological changes in the colon were individually assessed. Serum was collected and the levels of TNF-α and interleukins (IL-1β and IL-10) were assayed by ELISA method. The expression of colonic mucosal nuclear factor (NF)-κB was assayed with the immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) In the control group, diarrhea and rectal bleeding recovered rapidly and no death was recorded. In the TNBS-treated group, diarrhea and rectal bleeding persisted for a longer time. The mortality rate was 10.34% during the observation period. In the thalidomide treatment group, diarrhea and rectal bleeding persisted for a significantly shorter time than the TNBS-treated group (P < 0.01). The rats of this group also exhibited faster weight gain on day 7 compared with the TNBS-treated group but still lower than that of the control group. The mortality rate of the thalidomide treatment group was 3.57%. (2) Macroscopic and microscopic scores of the thalidomide-treated group were significantly lower than those of the TNBS model group on the 14th day (P < 0.01). These results suggested faster and better colonic recovery in the thalidomide-treated group. (3) NF-κB expression in the colonic mucosa of the control group was lower than in the others, mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. A large amount of intra-nuclear and cytoplasm staining was observed (more prominently intra-nuclear) in the TNBS model group and the thalidomide treatment group. On the 7th and 14th days, intra-nuclear NF-κB-containing cells in the thalidomide treatment group were still significantly lower than those in the TNBS model group (P < 0.01). (4) In the control group, the cellular inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10) were expressed at a low level while in the other two groups they were already expressed at a significantly higher level on day 4. On day 7 the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β in the thalidomide treatment group were lower than in the TNBS model group. On day 14, the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β in the thalidomide treatment group were significantly lower than in the TNBS model group (P < 0.05). On day 4, the IL-10 levels of the thalidomide treatment group became significantly elevated. The levels gradually decreased but still remained at a higher level. In the TNBS model group, the IL-10 expression peaked later than in the thalidomide treatment group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Thalidomide was effective in the management of TNBS-induced colitis in young rats. This may be due to the suppression and down-regulation of NF-κB and the expression of the downstream inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and IL-1β). There is also indication that the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) is concomitantly up-regulated as well.</p>

Analysis of postoperative coxa vara and anti-rotation nail cutting-out after treatment of brittle femoral intertrochanteric fractures with proximal femoral nails / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To analyze causes for postoperative coxa vara and anti-rotation nail cutting-out after treatment of brittle femoral intertrochanteric fractures with proximal femoral nails ( PFN ).Methods An retrospective study was done on 227 patients with intertrochanteric fracture treated with PFN from June 2006 to February 2009. The causes for postoperative coxa vara and anti-rotation nail cutting-out were analyzed. Harris score was used to evaluate the functional recovery of the hip joint. Results Of all, 221 patients were followed up for 12-48 months (mean 23 months) and six patients were died from serious internal disease within one year. According to Harris evaluation system, the results were excellent and good in 183 patients, fair in 30 and poor in 14. Postoperative coxa vara and anti-rotation nail cuttingout occurred in 16 patients, eight of whom received reoperation to remove internal fixation and skeletal traction at abducent position and the other eight received prosthetic replacement. Conclusions Treatment of proximal femoral fracture with PFN requires a high precision of reduction and operation. Many factors including lateral cortical bone conditions of tuberosity, postoperative patient's cognitive condition,use of improved Jensen-Evans classification and Singh's classification may affect operation outcome.

Study on quantitative criteria of intraoperative nerve action potentials for early diagnosis in peripheral nerve injury / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility of amplitude of intraoperative nerve action potentials (NAP) for early quantitative diagnosis of peripheral nerve injury. Methods The sciatic nerve injury model were established in 16 rabbits. Intraoperative NAP were recorded after 4 weeks. According to amplitude of NAP, the injuried nerve were divided into 3 groups: NAP ＜ 100 μV in A group, 100 μV ≤NAP ＜ 500 μV in B group, NAP ≥ 500 μV in C group. Nerve specimen 1cm distal to injuried point were resected that received glycine silver stain and image analysis including number, diameter and cross section area of regenerative axons. Footprint parameter and ulcer area were measured and contrasted between each two groups. Results The number, diameter and cross section area of A group regenerative axons have significant difference with B and C group, no significant difference between B and C group; Footprint parameter and ulcer area have significant difference in each two groups. Conclusion Amplitude of intraoperative NAP can be a quantitative criteria to diagnose the degree of peripheral nerve injury that provides experiment evidence for guide intraoperative decision-making in clinical practice.

Study on repair of sciatic nerve lesions using acellular nerves implanted with adipose tissue-derived stromal cells / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of using adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs)into a tissue-engineered peripheral nerve on bridging sciatic nerve gaps.Methods Forty-eight F344 female rats weighing 200 - 220 g were randomly divided into 6 groups of nerve grafting to repair 15 mm long asiatic nerve lesions,with 8 mrs in each group.Group A:ADSCs-laden acellular nerves;group B:differentiated ADSCs-laden acellular nerves;group C:Schwann cells-laden acellular nerves;group D:acellular nerves without cells;group E:autografts;group F:nonimplanted grafts.The effects were evaluated in terms of electrophysiulogy,Fluorogold retrograde tracing,histology and tracking studies.Results At 12 weeks after surgery,there was no graft bridging nerve gap in nonimplanted grafts.All the examinations of group A and B were better than group D,respectively (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).But there were no statistically significant differences among group A,B,C,and D (P＞0.05).Conclusion ADSCs and differentiated ADSCs could promote nerve regeneration when used as seed cells to build tissue-engineered peripheral nerves with acellular nerve scaffolds.

Histological and ultrastructural alterations of liver graft undergoing warm ischemia injury from non-heart-beating donor in rats / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To investigate the histological and ultrastructural characteristics of liver graft after different warm ischemia time (WIT) in rats. Methods According to WIT, rats were randomized into 7 groups, with WIT of 0, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes respectively. All specimens were investigated by light, electron microscopy, and histochemistry stain. 6, 24, and 48 hours after orthotopic liver transplantation(OLTx) ,the graft morphology was observed. Results The donor liver from non-heart-beating donors (NHBO) underwent ischemia injury both in the warm ischemia period and in the reperfusion period. Morphological changes were positively related to warm ischemia time in a time-dependent manner during the reperfusion period. There was a histocytic degeneration of different degree within 30 minutes warm ischemia. Although becoming more severe with the prolongation of warm ischemia time within this period, there was no obvious hepatocyte necrosis in any specimens. In WIT 45 min group, small focal necrosis occurred which was found in central area of hepatic lobule first. In 60 min group, patchy or diffused necrosis was observed and the area was gradually extended, while hepatic sinusoid endothelial cell obviously swelled to be bleb or balloonlike, hepatic sinusoid was obstructed and microcirculation was in disorder. Conclusion Rat liver graft undergoing warm ischemia injury is on the reversible stage within 30 minutes warm ischemia time by histological, histochemistry and ultrastructural dynamic observation. 45 min is a critical point of rat liver graft to endure warm ischemia injury, and when WIT was over 60 min, the damage is irreversible.