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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical features of statin-induced myopathy.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The statin-induced myopathy case reported as adverse drug reaction (ADR) to the Beijing Center for ADR Monitoring during January 2007 to December 2012 was summarized, patients were divided to myopathy group and rhabdomyolysis group, according to the absence or presence of rhabdomylysis. The clinical characteristics, medication history and outcome were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 160 statin-induced myopathy cases (54 in rhabdomyolysis group (33.8%) and 106 cases in myopathy group (66.3%)) were collected from the database (mean age: (64.22 ± 13.55) years old, 51.2% male, n = 82). The ADR occurred immediately after the first medication and up to 4 years after medication. Observed clinical features were myalgia, myositis, asymptommatic creatine kinase (CK) elevation or rhabdomyolysis. The average age were (68.54 ± 15.41) years old in rhabdomylysis group and (62.02 ± 12.41) years old in myopathy group (P = 0.004). There was no gender difference between the rhabdomylysis group and myopathy group (P = 0.406) . Twenty-four cases (44.4%) in rhabdomyolysis group and 26 cases (16.5%) in myopathy group were treated with high dose statin (P < 0.001). Percent of simvastatin treatment was significantly higher in rhabdomyolysis group (70.4% (38/54) ) than in myopathy group (32.1% (34/106), P < 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that age, high-dose statin treatment and simvastatin use were all positively correlated with rhabdomylysis (P < 0.001), and the correlation coefficients (r value) were 0.305, 0.290 and 0.364, respectively. Four patients (aged from 71 to 85 years) died because of ADR and all 4 cases received high-dose statin treatment, 3 of them suffered from complex combined diseases, acute disease progression and complex multiple drug use history.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Severe statin-induced myopathy, like rhabdomyolysis, is more likely to occur in old patients, in patients taking high-dose statin, especially simvastatin.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors , Muscular Diseases , Myositis , Rhabdomyolysis , SimvastatinABSTRACT
Objective To investigate expression of VEGF and the in vitro angiogenesis ability induced by ovarian cancer cells after RNA interference on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)gene.Methods One specific target sequence of MMP-2 and one non-specific sequence (NC group) were chosen,the DMEM as blank group.After transfection of ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells,mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2 and VEGF genes were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis,and the angiogenesis ability was detected by in vitro angiogenic assay.Results When compared with the NC group,the mRNA expression of MMP-2 and VEGF were decreased by 78.8 ％ and 75.5 ％ (P ＜ 0.05) in 48 h after transfected,respectively,and protein expression was decreased by 81.2 ％ and 78.3 ％ (P ＜ 0.05) at the same time point.In vitro angiogenic assay suggested that the ability of angiogenesis was inhibited when down-regulated of MMP-2 gene (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Down-regulation of MMP-2 gene in ovarian cancer cells by RNA interference could inhibit its VEGF expression and in vitro angiogenesis induced by ovarian cancer cells,which suggestes that the inhibition of MMP-2 gene has an anti-angiogenesis effect,and MMP-2 gene could be a potential target for ovarian cancer gene-therapy.
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Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of RNA interference (RNAi) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gene and growth, adhesion,invasiveness and migration of ovarian cancer cells. Methods One specific target sequence of MMP-2 gone and one non-specific sequence (NC group) were chosen,the medium DMEM as blank group.After transfection of ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells, the RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2 gene, the growth ability was detected by MTT assay, the abilities of adhesion was detected by cell adhesion assay, the invasion and migration were detected by Matrigel invasion assay and wound healing assay. Results By contrast to the NC group,the mRNA expression was decreased by 73.8 ％,78.8 ％ and 78.4 ％(P＜ 0.05) in 24 h,48 h and 72 h after transfection and protein expression was decreased by 72.6 ％,81.2 ％ and 76.4 ％(P＜ 0.05) respectively at the same time. The 48 h group had the most efficient inhibitory effect. Cell growth curve revealed that cell growth was not significantly inhibited (P＞ 0.05). Adhesion was significantly reduced,the inhibitory rate was 55.0 ％ at 60 min and 44.8 ％ at 90 min (P＜ 0.05),respectively. Invasion and migration were significantly reduced as well,the inhibitory rate on invasion and migration were 29.7 ％ and 35.8 ％(P＜0.05), respectively. Conclusion siRNA mediated MMP-2 down-regulation in ovarian OVCAR-3 cells can inhibits its adhesion,invasion and migration,but do not significantly affect its growth,suggesting a important target to ovarian cancer gene-therapies.
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Though the study on ecology of Chinese traditional medicinal resources methods has achieved great progress in recent years, it is not able to catch the pace of the development of ecology science. Based on the analysis of recent literatures about ecology development trend and Chinese traditional medicinal ecology methods, the progress of Chinese traditional medicinal ecology methods was reviewed, and future study trend was discussed.
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Conservation of Natural Resources , Ecology , Methods , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Research , Research DesignABSTRACT
The quality of Chinese herbal medicine is closely related to its producing region. In order to apply mathematical models to do a quantitative study on the suitability of Chinese herbal medicine, it is necessary to study on the ecological factors and the interpolation of climatic data, which influence the Chinese herbal medicine growth. The paper firstly studied the judgment standard of ecological index from the points of ecology and statistics, and how to calculate the optimum range values and the weight of each ecological factor. Secondly, meteorological element data is essential data in analyzing the suitable region of Chinese herbal medicine, and the spatial distribution of meteorological elements is closely related to terrain environment, so, in order to make the results close to true value by the greatest degree. The paper adopted multiple linear regression interpolation method which based on DEM. The paper distinguished the factor system of suitable region and interpolation on the point of datumization, and made a study on it about some key issues.
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Adaptation, Biological , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Ecology , Environment , Geographic Information Systems , Models, TheoreticalABSTRACT
Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1(BRMS1)can suppress the tumor cells metastasis. and significantly reduces the metastasis without affecting tumor growth. The relevant mechanism(s)may be related to intercellular communication, phosphoinositide signal transduction and interaction with NF-KB, and so on. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms of inhibition of tumor metastasis might be helpful for use of BRMS1 as tumor gene therapy.