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Objective:To study the distribution and antibiotics resistance of the main pathogens of neonatal purulent meningitis in different regions of China.Methods:A retrospective descriptive clinical epidemiological study was conducted in children with neonatal purulent meningitis which admitted to 18 tertiary hospitals in different regions of China between January 2015 to December 2019. The test results of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and drug sensitivity test results of the main pathogens were collected. The distributions of pathogenic bacteria in children with neonatal purulent meningitis in preterm and term infants, early and late onset infants, in Zhejiang Province and other regions outside Zhejiang Province, and in Wenzhou region and other regions of Zhejiang Province were analyzed. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 210 neonatal purulent meningitis cases were collected. The common pathogens were Escherichia coli ( E. coli)(41.4%(87/210)) and Streptococcus agalactiae ( S. agalactiae)(27.1%(57/210)). The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in preterm infants (77.6%(45/58)) with neonatal purulent meningitis was higher than that in term infants (47.4%(72/152)), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=15.54, P=0.001). There were no significant differences in the constituent ratios of E. coli (36.5%(31/85) vs 44.8%(56/125)) and S. agalactiae (24.7%(21/85) vs 28.8%(36/125)) between early onset and late onset cases (both P>0.05). The most common pathogen was E. coli in different regions, with 46.7%(64/137) in Zhejiang Province and 31.5%(23/73) in other regions outside Zhejiang Province. In Zhejiang Province, S. agalactiae was detected in 49 out of 137 cases (35.8%), which was significantly higher than other regions outside Zhejiang Province (11.0%(8/73)). The proportions of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in other regions outside Zhejiang Province (17.8%(13/73) and 16.4%(12/73)) were both higher than those in Zhejiang Province (2.9%(4/137) and 5.1%(7/137)). The differences were all statistically significant ( χ2=14.82, 12.26 and 7.43, respectively, all P<0.05). The proportion of Gram-positive bacteria in Wenzhou City (60.8%(31/51)) was higher than that in other regions in Zhejiang Province (38.4%(33/86)), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6.46, P=0.011). E. coli was sensitive to meropenem (0/45), and 74.4%(32/43) of them were resistant to ampicillin. E. coli had different degrees of resistance to other common cephalosporins, among which, cefotaxime had the highest resistance rate of 41.8%(23/55), followed by ceftriaxone (32.4%(23/71)). S. agalactiae was sensitive to penicillin, vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusions:The composition ratios of pathogenic bacteria of neonatal purulent meningitis are different in different regions of China. The most common pathogen is E. coli, which is sensitive to meropenem, while it has different degrees of resistance to other common cephalosporins, especially to cefotaxime.
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Objective To analyze the growth characteristics of the clinical isolates of Aspergillus compared to standard strains in vitro.Methods The sabourauds agar medium (SDA),yeast extract medium(YG) and potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) were used to test two clinical isolates and one standard strain.The strains were incubated at 29 ℃C for 96 hours.In liquid medium,the optical density (OD) values at 0 hour,4,8,12,24,36,48,60,72 and 96 hours after culture were recorded to generate growth curves for each strain and culture medium.Meanwhile,on solid medium,the features of colony morphology were recorded.Results In liquid medium,the growth curves were not significantly different between clinical isolates and standard strain in PDA medium (all at P＜0.05),while the differences were obvious in SDA medium and YG medium (P＜0.05).The clinical isolates showed shorter lag phase and higher growth rate than standard strain.On solid medium,all strains appeared the best growth state on PDA medium and the poorest state on SDA medium.Color change time was later on YG medium than that on the other medium.The clinical isolates performed better on the aspects of colony sizes and color change than standard strain when growed on the same medium,especially on SDA medium.Conclusions Compared with standard strain,the clinical isolates of Aspergillus have higher adaptive capacity to poor nutrition condition.
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Objective To evaluated T-wave characteristics in newborn infants with different gestational age. Methods One hundred and forty-two newborn infants were divided into four groups based on the gestation age consisting of the 28～30 weeks group,31～33 weeks group,34～36 weeks group and 37～40weeks group, respectively. The T-wave characteristics of electrocardiogram were compared among the newborn infants of four groups. Results TV1 amplitudes ( mV, median ( interquartile range) ) of 4 groups were -0. 10( -0. 30～0. 10), -0. 10( -0. 30～0. 15), -0. 10( -0. 45～0. 25 ) and 0. 10( -0. 30～0. 70) ,respectively. There was a statistical elevation of TV1 amplitude with the increase of the gestational age. TV5 amplitudes( mV, median ( interquartile range ) ) of 4 groups were 0. 10 ( - 0. 10～0. 30), 0. 10 ( - 0. 20～0. 30) ,0. 15( -0. 05～0. 25) and 0. 10( -0. 10～0. 50) ,respectively. No significant differences of TV5 amplitudes were found among 4 groups. The incidences of low or inverted T-waves in leads I and aVL, or low and flat T-waves in all leads reduced significantly with the increase of the gestational age. Conclusion The TV1 amplitude and the incidence of abnormal T-wave in newborn infants are correlated to the gestational age,and TV5 amplitude is not correlated to the gestational age.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on changes of myelin basic protein (MBP) and functional repair of sensory and motor nerve following sciatic nerve injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The sciatic nerves of rats were injured by sectioning with shaver,and divided into 3 groups: NGF group (Group A), group of normal saline solution (Group B), untreated group (Group C). The time point of observation was at the 4th week after operation. Sensory evoked potential (SEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) were detected by Model WD-4000 nerve potential working diagnosis system. Immunohistochemical analysis was used for identification of MBP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The latency of SEP in the Group A at the 4th week after operation was shorter than that in the Group B (P<0.05). The MEP was elicited in 76% of the Group A and was higher than that in the Group B. Results of immunohistochemistry showed that there were less MBP-positive cells in the Group A than in the Group B in one and four weeks respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>NGF can improve the conductive function of injured peripheral nerve and facilitate regeneration of nerve.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Evoked Potentials , Immunohistochemistry , Myelin Basic Protein , Metabolism , Nerve Growth Factor , Pharmacology , Peripheral Nerve Injuries , Peripheral Nerves , Metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Sciatic Nerve , Wounds and Injuries , MetabolismABSTRACT
Spinal sensory evoked potential(SSEP)and spinal motor evoked potential(SMEP)of the injured spinal cord of the host rats were determined on the 7th,15th,30th.60th,120th and 240th day after they received implantation of the embryonic spinal cord from the fetus of E14 rats.The motor function of the hind limbs of the host rats were also observed.The rats with simple cord injury and those with cord injury and implantation of a piece of skeletal muscle served as the controls.It was found that the locomotor function of the host rats could be recovered on the 30th day after implantation,but the latent period of both SSEP and SMEP became normal on the 240th day.At that time,the latent period of evoked potentials of the 2 control groups also recovered gradually.It is believed that embryonic spinal cord may have effects on the recovery of the locomotor function of the host rats but more sophisticated methods are imperative to clarify the interela-tionship between the host tissue and the graft.