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Objective To investigate an outbreak of norovirus GII gastroenteritis in a school, and explore the causes, transmission routes and risk factors of the outbreak, and to provide a scientific basis and experience for effective control of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in schools. Methods A case study of an acute gastroenteritis outbreak in a school in Wujin District, Changzhou was conducted by field epidemiological investigation. Anal swab samples of patients and controls were collected, and enterovirus nucleic acid was detected by real-time fluorescent PCR. Results From December 12 to December 17, 2019, a total of 185 cases were identified, all of them from students of the school, with an incidence rate of 3.84% (185/4,822). All of the cases were distributed in three (7th/8th/9th) grades of the school, with attack rates of 5.38% (31 / 576), 18.71% (104 / 556) and 9.06% (50 / 552) in 7th, 8th and 9th grade, respectively, showing a significant difference among the grades (χ2=54.47，P＜0.05). The attack rate of each floor of the teaching building from the first to fifth floor was 2.17% (5/230), 7.51% (26/346), 15.77% (53/336), 17.11% (65/380), and 6.38% (25/392), respectively, showing a statistically significant difference among different floors (χ2=55.66，P＜0.05). A total of 32 anal swabs were collected, including 12 patients, 10 control students and 10 workers in the canteen. Of them, 9 specimens of the patients and 1 specimen of the workers were positive for norovirus type GII. Conclusion The school outbreak of acute gastroenteritis was caused by norovirus GII. Close contact between students was the main mode of transmission. A hidden infection of canteen staff may be related to this outbreak. It is important to promote popular science of norovirus prevention and to enhance the awareness of the risks of the virus.
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Objective:To provide a preliminary theoretical basis for gout and hyperuricemia of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation.Methods:Breast cancer anti-resistance 1(BCAR1), phospho-diesterase 1C (PDE1C), opioid receptor delta 1(OPRD1) and neurexin 1(NRXN1) methylation levels were measured by bisulfite pyrosequencing in 50 gout patients, 30 hyperuricemia patients and 50 matched healthy controls. Comparisons between groups were evaluated by F-test and Nonparametric tests. Results:Receiver operating characteristic showed that the methylation of PDE1C(pos4, pos5, pos6)(AUC: 0.712, 0.772, 0.775; all P values<0.05) had higher accuracy for diagnosis of gout, and OPRD1 pos4 (AUC=0.733, P<0.05) had higher accuracy for hyperuricemia. Conclusion:DNA methylation may play a role in the development of gout and hyperuricemia, however, further studies are needed.
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Objective To evaluate the effect and cost-benefit of influenza vaccination for patients with chronic diseases in Wujin district of Changzhou City. Methods An epidemiological quasi-experiment was employed in this study. A total of 441 patients with chronic diseases were recruited as the vaccine group and inoculated with trivalent influenza virus vaccine, while 467 patients with chronic diseases matched with the age, gender and health status of the vaccine group were selected as the control group for both baseline and follow-up investigations. Results A total of 431 subjects in the vaccine group and 460 subjects in the control group completed baseline and 1-year follow-up investigations. The incidence of influenza-like illness was 7.42% (32/431) and 14.13% (65/460) in the vaccine group and the control group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=9.634, P=0.002). The protective rate was 47.46%, and the effect index was 1.90. The incidence of common cold was 16.94% (73/431) and 25.43% (117/460), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=9.077, P=0.003), with a protective rate of 33.41%, and an effect index of 1.50. The incidence of chronic disease was 5.57% (24/431) and 9.35% (43/460), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.043, P=0.044), with a protective rate of 40.43% and an effect index of 1.68. The per capita benefit of inoculation was 675.86 yuan, and the benefit-cost ratio was 10.09:1. Conclusion Influenza vaccination for patients with chronic diseases effectively prevented the occurrence of influenza-like illness and reduced the incidence of related chronic diseases.
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Background Researches showed that microperimetry can exhibit more tiny visual function damage than conventional perimetry in glaucomatous eyes.However,the study on fixation stability of glaucoma is still rare until now.Objective This study was to compare the correlation between microperimetry Maia (Macular Integrity Assessment) and Humphrey perimetry,and to investigate the changes of the fixation stability in glaucoma patients with hemifield defect.Methods This study proposal was approved by Medical Ethic Committee of Peking University First Hospital.A cross-sectional study was performed under the informed consent of each subject.Thirtyfive eyes of 35 glaucoma patients with hemifield defect by 24-2 Humphrey perimetry were included in Peking University First Hospital from December 2013 to March 2014,and 30 eyes of 30 normal volunteers served as controls.Both Humphery (10-2) and Maia (expert 10-2) were performed on the subjects respectively and the correlation of the results between Humphery (10-2) and Maia (expert 10-2) were analyzed.Then the patients with normal hemifield on Humphrey were assigned to Maia normal group and Maia abnormal group.Fixation stability differences were compared between glaucoma group and normal control group,and between Maia normal group and Maia abnormal group.Results The moderately positive correlation was found in the mean sensitivity between Maia microperimetry and Humphrey perimetry (r=0.403,P =0.001),and the average threshold of Maia microperimetry was moderately positive correlated with the mean defect (MD) of Humphrey perimetry in glaucoma patients (r=0.438,P =0.008).The fixation stability parameter P1 was (67±17)％ and (87±10)％,and that of P2 was (70±16)％ and (88±9)％;the 63％ bicurve elipse area (BCEA) was (5.08±1.55) °2and (2.21±0.60) °2,and the 95％ BCEA was (14.74± 6.04) °2 and (2.86 ± 1.17)°2 in the glaucoma group and normal control group,respectively,showing significant decreases of P1 and P2 and increases of 63％ BCEA and 95％ BCEA in the glaucoma group compared with the normalcontrol group (t=-5.604,-4.831,9.885,11.086,all at P=0.000).In Maia normal group and Maia abnormal group,the P1 was (79±8)％ and (63±17)％,the P2 was (81±10)％ and (67±16)％,the 63％ BCEA was (3.19±0.65)°2 and (5.70±1.22)°2 and the 95％ BCEA was (9.10±2.60)°2 and (19.35±5.01)°2,respectively.Compared with the Maia normal group,the P1 and P2 were significantly lower,and 63％ BCEA and 95 ％ BCEA were higher in the Maia abnormal group (t=-2.468,P=0.019;t=-2.371,P=0.024;t =5.514,P=0.000;t=5.575,P=0.000).Conclusions Maia microperimetry and Humphrey perimetry yield a good correlation for glaucomatous macular function examination.In addition,Maia microperimetry showed that fixation stability decreased in glaucoma patients with hemifield defect.