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ObjectiveTo review the drug information and research progress on oral Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia to identify existing problems and provide references for follow-up research. MethodChinese patent medicines against cardiac arrhythmia were retrieved from the three major drug catalogues，Yaozh.com，and relevant guidelines with arrhythmia as the retrieval term. The instructions for included Chinese patent medicines were retrieved through Yaozh.com and specific information was extracted. The research articles on Chinese patent medicines included were retrieved from the five databases，and the information meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria was extracted and displayed in the form of text description and graphs after statistical analysis. ResultSixty-five oral Chinese patent medicines were included in this study，with the main functions of activating the blood and resolving stasis. The average daily cost of medicines was 8.17 yuan，and there were 42 medicines with an average daily cost of less than 10 yuan，showing a moderate medicine cost. A total of 351 research articles on Chinese patent medicines were screened out，including 259 randomized controlled trials （RCTs），16 non-RCTs，eight non-controlled trials，62 systematic reviews，two guidelines，and two expert consensuses. Eighteen types of Chinese patent medicines were involved，whose clinical trials had been conducted in 28 provinces，cities，autonomous regions，and municipalities in China. Wenxin granules and Shensong Yangxin capsules were the top medicines under investigation，accounting for 75.21% of all research articles. Among the included studies，the most common comparison design was Chinese patent medicine combined with western medicine vs western medicine （64.25%）. The outcome evaluation was mainly based on clinical efficacy，symptom efficacy，arrhythmia efficacy，adverse reactions，and heart rate changes. ConclusionThe number of clinical studies of oral Chinese patent medicines against cardiac arrhythmia varies greatly，but traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome differentiation thinking is less considered in practical application. Due to unstandardized clinical research and low-quality literature，further advancement is required in the future.
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Objective To study the effects of ShenhongTongluo Granules on blood lipids, inflammatory related factors and oxidative stress-related indexes in rabbit atherosclerosis model, and to explore the mechanism of Shenhongtongluo Granules on atherosclerosis. Methods 70 healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, aspirin combined with simvastatin group, aspirin group, simvastatin group, Shenhongtongluo Granule prevention group, and Shenhongtongluo Granule treatment group. The rabbit atherosclerosis model was established by lipidforage diet combined with immune stimulation, and the blank group was fed with commonforage. The Shenhongtongluo Granule prevention group was given Shenhongtongluo Granule at the beginning of modeling, and the other intervention groups were given the corresponding drugs after the successful modeling. Before and after modeling, lipid changes were checked in each group, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and malondialde-hyde (MDA) in the serum. The aorta of the model group was separated and oil red O staining was performed to observe the pathological and morphological changes of the aorta. Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of Nox4 and p22phox. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB protein in aorta. Results Twelve weeks after modeling, atheromatous plaques were obviously observed on the aorta stained with oil red O, indicating successful atherosclerosis modeling. Compared with the blank control group, TC, TG, and LDL-C in the serum of the atherosclerosis model group were significantly increased (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the atherosclerotic plaques in the Shenhongtongluo Granule prevention and the treatment groups were significantly reduced , the levels of TC , TG , LDL-C in serum were decreased, and the levels of SOD were increased, and MDA levels were reduced (all P<0.05). The expressions of TLR4, NF-κB, Nox4, and p22phox in the aorta of Shenhongtongluo Granule prevention group were significantly reduced (all P<0.05). Conclusions Shenhongtongluo Granules can inhibit the formation of atheromatous plaques, have a good effect on regulating blood lipids, and can improve the ability of anti-oxidative stress, and have a good preventive and therapeutic effect.
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Ebola virus (EBOV) harbors an RNA genome encapsidated by nucleoprotein (NP) along with other viral proteins to form a nucleocapsid complex. Previous Cryo-eletron tomography and biochemical studies have shown the helical structure of EBOV nucleocapsid at nanometer resolution and the first 450 amino-acid of NP (NPΔ451-739) alone is capable of forming a helical nucleocapsid-like complex (NLC). However, the structural basis for NP-NP interaction and the dynamic procedure of the nucleocapsid assembly is yet poorly understood. In this work, we, by using an E. coli expression system, captured a series of images of NPΔ451-739 conformers at different stages of NLC assembly by negative-stain electron microscopy, which allowed us to picture the dynamic procedure of EBOV nucleocapsid assembly. Along with further biochemical studies, we showed the assembly of NLC is salt-sensitive, and also established an indispensible role of RNA in this process. We propose the diverse modes of NLC elongation might be the key determinants shaping the plasticity of EBOV virions. Our findings provide a new model for characterizing the self-oligomerization of viral nucleoproteins and studying the dynamic assembly process of viral nucleocapsid in vitro.
Subject(s)
Ebolavirus , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Escherichia coli , Genetics , Metabolism , Gene Expression , Nucleocapsid , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , RNA, Viral , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Recombinant Proteins , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Virus AssemblyABSTRACT
The overall concept is the core theory of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) diagnosis and treat-ment system. During the process of building TCM effect evaluation on coronary heart disease (CHD), with the defined connotation and extension of heart diseases , except the consideration on its clinical symptoms , TCM four diagnosis and various current modern cardiovascular disease diagnostic methods should be organically com-bined according to the original macro basis . The micro quantitative evaluation is given on therapeutic effect of disease treatment in order to construct the complete TCM effect evaluation system.
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The famous veteran doctors of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) are models to combine TCM the-ories , previous practitioners' clinical experiences with current medical practice for the difficult to solve clinical problems . The selection of appropriate inheritance study method is especially important in the learning of fa-mous veteran doctors of TCM . This article discussed the inheritance method of academic experiences of famous veteran doctor of TCM professor Huang Yongsheng from four aspects, which were the reading of classic books, clinical practice, following medical masters, and summarization of clinical cases. It was hoped that during the inheritance process , efforts can be made to academic characteristics of TCM itself in accordance with its own law in order to create more and better clinical experience inheritance method.
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0.05).The total effective rate of angina pectoris in the treatment group was 82.54% and 76.23% in the control group,the difference was significant (P0.05).Of the latent cold symptoms,in the treatment group,the effect on cold extremities,dry mouth,irritability,fatigue,aversion to cold,preferring hot food to cold food,gastric pain or distention,soreness and weakness in lumbus was better than in the control group (P