ABSTRACT
Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) has been shown to be implicated in the tumor immune escape, and associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in a variety of malignancies. Aims: To investigate the expression of Tim-3 in esophageal tumorigenesis and its clinical significance. Methods: Paraffin-embedded tissues from 103 esophageal cancer, 21 high-grade esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia, 16 low-grade esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia, and 20 chronic esophagitis were collected in this study. Using immunohistochemistry, the expression level of Tim-3 was evaluated; and the correlation of Tim-3 expression in cancerous tissue with the clinicopathological parameters of esophageal cancer was analyzed. Results: Tim-3 expression was increased from chronic esophagitis, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia to esophageal cancer (0.271±0.138, 0.368±0.198, 0.443±0.147, and 0.639±0.119, P0.05). Conclusions: Tim-3 expression is increased in esophageal tumorigenesis; overexpression of Tim-3 in esophageal cancer is closely correlated with tumor progression. Tim-3 might be served as a biomarker for development, progression and prognosis of esophageal cancer.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the clinical application of laparoscopic operation and the morbidity and their prevention. Methods 21069 cases of laparoscopic surgery were reviewed retrospectively. Results Laparoscopic operation was used in 19 conditions including cholecystectomy (21002),hepatic operation (21), common bile duct calculi (3), spleen trauma (1),kidney cyst (3),gynoplasty (16),chest surgery (2), intestinal adhesion (14),assistant Miles (3),appendectomy (2),mesentery teratoma (1).Major complications (60) (0.29%) included injury of choleduct (18), bile leakage (18),hemorrhage (17),the injury of gastrointestinal tract (7). Conclusions Laparoscopic operation may be in a more extensive seope. The major complications can be reduced by strict procedures of laparoscopic operation.