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Objective To investigate the expressions of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients and their correlations with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods A total of 68 paraffin-embedded specimens of DLBCL patients diagnosed in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital with detailed follow-up record from January 2010 to December 2012 were included in the study. The expressions of PD-L1, PD-L2 and p-AKT proteins in DLBCL were detected by using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results The positive rate of PD-L1 protein in DLBCL patients was 22.1％ (15/68), which was related to germinal center B-cell (GCB) subtype or not (χ2= 5.591, P= 0.018), clinical stage (χ2= 3.969, P= 0.046), international prognostic index (IPI) grades (χ2=4.178, P=0.041) and treatment remission rate (χ2=6.587, P=0.010). The positive rate of PD-L2 protein in DLBCL patients was 14.7％ (10/68), which was related to extranodal metastasis or not (χ2=6.772, P= 0.009). The positive rate of p-AKT for DLBCL patients was 61.8％ (42/68), which was correlated with age (≥60 years old) or not (χ2=6.227, P=0.013), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) grades (χ2=4.005, P=0.045), B symptoms (χ2=10.187, P=0.001) and treatment remission rate (χ2=4.096, P=0.043). Univariate survival analysis showed that the overall survival (OS) rate and progression free survival (PFS) rate of PD-L1 protein positive expression group were lower than those of PD-L1 protein negative expression group (both P< 0.05). In the patients with non-GCB subtype, OS rate and PFS rate of PD-L1 protein positive expression group were lower than those of PD-L1 protein negative expression group (both P<0.05). p-AKT protein positive expression group had poorer OS rate and PFS rate compared to p-AKT negative expression group (both P< 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that PD-L1 protein expression was correlated with PD-L2 and p-AKT proteins expressions (r= 0.380, P= 0.001;r= 0.273, P= 0.025). The prognosis was worse when p-AKT and PD-L1 proteins was co-expressed (P< 0.05). Multivariate analysis suggested high expressions of PD-L1 and p-AKT proteins were independent prognosis risk factors in DLBCL (both P<0.05). Conclusions The expressions of PD-L1 and p-AKT proteins may be involved in the occurrence and development of DLBCL. Blocking PD-1 and PD-L1 access or combined blocking could provide a promising future for the clinical therapy.
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Objective To explore the effect of micro-lecture-CPT teaching method (case,problem and team-based learning,CPT) used in pathology teaching.Methods 236 medical imaging undergraduates from Grade 2015 were selected and divided into two groups equally.The experimental group (118 people) used the micro-lecture-CPT teaching method,and the control group (118 people) used the traditional teaching method.The students in the experimental group used the interactive platform on the internet to share the resource in combination with pathological theory and experiment,including curriculum,microlecture,multimedia courseware,clinical case and the related questions before class.In class,the questions were discussed in groups based on "student centered,teacher guide".Questionnaire survey and test scores were used to collect data and analyze the differences between the two groups.SPSS 13.0 was applied to processing the data.Measurement data were expressed as mean plus or minus standard deviation,and t test was used in the comparison between groups.Results The average score of basic theoretical examination in the experimental group was lower than that of the traditional teaching group [(57.86-± 2.32) vs.(58.23 ±2.06)];While the case score and experimental score in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the traditional teaching group [(11.27 ± 1.24) vs.(7.40 ± 0.90);(18.04 ± 0.87) vs.(14.75 ± 0.93)].And the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Questionnaire survey demonstrated that the experimental group students' evaluation on the learning of micro-lecture-CPT teaching was higher than the control group's evaluation on traditional teaching in the aspects of improving students' learning interest,promoting autonomous learning and problem solving skills,cultivating clinical thinking ability and team cooperation spirit.Conclusion Micro-lecture-CPT teaching method conforms to the trend of modem teaching reform and achieves good effect in pathology teaching,so it is worth recommending and popularizing.
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Objective To detect C-met protein expression and gene amplification in lung adenocarcinoma, and to analyze their relationship with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) resistance and prognosis. Methods A total of 120 cases of lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from January 2011 to May 2013 were selected. The expressions of C-met protein and C-met gene amplification were conducted by immunohistochemistry (IHC) method and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and all patients were followed up. The relationship between the expression of C-met protein and gene amplification with clinicopathological features and EGFR-TKI resistance and prognosis were analyzed. Results The high expression of C-met protein and gene amplification in 120 tissues were 17.5 ％ (21/120), 10.83 ％ (13/120). Of the 80 patients treated with EGFR-TKI, the incidence of C-met protein high expression was 30.43 ％ (14/46) in patients with drug resistance, which was significantly higher than that in patients without drug resistance (11.76 ％, 4/34), the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 3.908, P= 0.048). The rate of C-met gene amplification was 19.57 ％ (9/46) in patients with drug resistance,which was significantly higher than that in patients without drug resistance (2.94 ％, 1/34) the difference was statistically significant (P= 0.038). The expression of C-met protein in 46 patients with drug resistance was positively correlated with gene amplification (r= 0.388, P= 0.008), but in 40 patients without TKI, the expression of C-met protein was not correlated with gene amplification (r=0.279, P=0.081). The high expression of C-met protein was correlated with age, pathological grade and clinical stage (all P<0.05), while C-met gene amplification was related to clinical stage (P=0.036). Cox regression analysis suggested that C-met gene amplification was an independent prognostic factor (P= 0.034). Conclusions C-met protein expression and gene amplification are risk factors for EGFR-TKI resistance. C-met gene amplification suggests poor prognosis, and can be used as an independent factor for prognostic evaluation.
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Objective To investigate the dysregulation of HER-2 protein and gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to identify the association between clinicopathological features,prognosis and HER-2 aberrations amongst protein and gene. Methods 140 NSCLC tissues (89 squamous cell carcinoma, 51 adenocarcinoma) with operative section and detailed case were taken from pathology department of Shanxi Cancer Hospital from Jan 2006 to Feb 2007, while 70 normal tissues were set as control group. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the state of HER-2 protein expression,and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to test the status of gene amplification. Results In normal and NSCLC tissues, over-expression of HER-2 was detected in 0 case and 17 (12.14 %) cases (P 0.05). There was no significantly difference in survival between patients with and without HER-2 protein over-expression and HER-2 gene dysregulation (P > 0.05). HER-2 protein over-expression was associated with HER-2 gene amplification (P > 0.05), while no relationship between HER-2 protein overexpression and HER-2 gene multicopy (P < 0.01). Conclusions The over-expression of HER-2 is related to pathological type of NSCLC with more frequent expression in adenocarcinoma. The incidence rate of HER-2 gene amplification in patients with adenocarcinoma histology, never-smokers, and young age is high. The HER-2 protein over-expression and gene dysregulation show no relation with the prognosis of NSCLC.
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Post competency is a kind of necessary ability for professional working.In order to train the students' excellent professional skills,we have conducted exploration and reform in post competency oriented experiment teaching,through reforming experimental courses,changing teaching methods and means of examination,constructing the laboratory etc.,so that we have built a new professional training model in pathological diagnosis and technology specialty experimental teaching.The experimental teaching reform results have improved the experimental teaching quality and the talents capability.
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Objective To investigate the protein expression and genetic alterations of c-myc in primary systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and discuss its relationship with clinicopathologic features and immunophenotypes.Methods 87 cases of ALCL were selected.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the protein expression of c-myc,ALK,CD3,CD10,CD20,CD30 and EMA.c-myc and ALK genetic alterations were detected by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FlSH).The interrelationships between protein expression,genetic alterations and clinicopathological parameters were analysed statistically.Results Immunohistochemical results:of 87 cases,ALK protein was expressed in 54 cases (62.1％).c-myc protein was expressed in 27 cases (31.0 ％).ALK and c-myc were co-expressed in 20 cases (23.0 ％).c-myc protein expression,ALK and c-myc co-expression increased with the upgrade of ALCL clinical stages,and the expression was higher in International Prognostic Index (IPI) high-risk groups than in low-risk groups (P ＜ 0.05).FISH test results:of 87 ALCL cases,there were 50 cases (57.5 ％) of ALK rearrangements and 19 cases (21.8 ％) of ALK aneuploidy.c-myc rearrangement was detected in none of 87 ALCL cases,but there was aneuploidy in 19 cases (21.8 ％).The differences of c-myc aneuploidy in ALK positive and negative groups were statistically insignificant (P ＞ 0.05),while they were statistically significant in c-myc groups (P ＜ 0.05) and in different IPI groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion c-myc protein expression and aneuploidy were related with ALCL clinical stages and IPI,which could be used as an indicator of estimating ALCL malignant degree and predicting prognosis.
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Exfoliative cytology is a required course for medical diploma students majoring in pathological diagnosis and technology. However there exist no ready-made teaching materials to use or teaching models to follow.This paper discusses the attempts made to achieve preferable teaching result by formulating syllabus based on training scheme by carefully picking teaching content,combining case analysis with multimedia instruction and making new method of assessment.
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Objective To investigate the expressions and clinicopathological significance of 3q27-3q29-related p63 protein in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods An immunohistochemical Envision~(TM) method was used to detect the expressions of p53 and 3q27-3q29-related p63 protein in 102 cases of DLBCL and 15 cases of reactive hyperplasia of lymph node (RHL). Results The tumor cell expressions of p53(62 %) and p63(56 %) in DLBCL were significantly higher than that in RHL (0 and 13 % P < 0.05). The expressions of p53 and p63 were significantly different (1) between stage Ⅰ + Ⅱ (the positive rate 48.3 % and 41.4 %, respectively) and stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ(the positive rate 79.5 % and 75 %, respectively; P <0.05), (2) between GCB type (the positive rate 28 % and 28 %, respectively) and non-GCB type(the positive rate 72.7 % and 64.9 %, respectively; P <0.05). The expressions of p53 and p63 had no relationship to gender, age, B symptoms and locations. The expression of p53 was positively correlated with that of p63 in DLBCL (P <0.05, Cp=0.629). p53 and p63 protein expression in negative group the 5-year overall survival rate is higher than that in positive group (38 % and 6 %, 51% and 4 %, respectively), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion It was likely that p63, as the oncogene, participated in the occurrence and development of DLBCL together with p53. Also, p63 and p53 might play a synergistic role in the occurrence DLBCL. Combined detection of 3q27-3q29-related 1963 protein and p53 protein in DLBCL, might be one of the indicators to the prognosis of DLBCL.
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ObjectiveTo study the influence of different culture conditions in vitro on phenotype, proliferation and cytoskeletal proteins expression of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs). Methods The cultured VSMCs from rat aorta were divided into six groups: P2 control,P2 starvation,P4 control,P4 starvation,P6 control and P6 starvation. The proliferating cells were labeled by 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5-BrdU); The mRNA expression of smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method (RT-PCR); The cytoskeletal proteins including SMα-actin,β-Tubulin and Desmin were observed through immunohistochemical staining. Results With the increase of cell passage, cytoskeletal proteins expression of VSMCs decreased,cellular organs increased and secretory vesicles were abundant; in serum-free cultured cells mitochondria increased and electron density enhanced in cytoplasm of VSMCs.On the contrary the expression of SMα-actin decreased, and the expression of SMα-actin increased. The expression of β-Tublin and Desmin decreased more obviously, and at 6 passages failed to express. Conclusion The conditioned medium and serum-free had the different effects on the phenotype,proliferation and cytoskeleton of VSMCs in different passage, and there was internal relationship among them. The internal relationship played an important role in the maintaining of cell morphology, contractile function and vascular remodeling. The disappearance of expression of β-Tubulin and desmin might have important biological significance.
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Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of p63, CD_(44v6) and human papilloma virus (HPV) 16/18 in carcinoma of cervix and precancerous lesion and to study their role in the pathogenesis of the infiltrative carcinoma of the cervix(ICC). Methods 145 patients were selected, among whom were 60 cases of ICC, 55 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 30 cases of normal cervical epidermis (NCE). Immunohistochemistry streptavidin peroxidase (SP) was used to detect the expressions of p63 and CD_(44v6) protein and hybridization in situ was used to measure HPV 16/18 gene on tissue microarray. Results HPV 16/18, p63 and CD_(44v6) in ICC were significantly higher than those in CIN and NCE groups (P < 0.05). The expressions of HPV 16/18 gene in CIN I 、CIN II and CIN III were 27.3 % , 43.8 %, 70.6 % respectively. p63 protein was mainly expressed in squamous cell carcinoma, but not in adenocarcinoma. p63-positive rate was related to the grade of squamous cell carcinoma and clinical stage. CD_(44v6) positive rate was related to the pathological grade and clinical stage. Moreover, the positive rate of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than the cases without metastasis (P <0.05). The expression of HPV16/18 was positively correlated with that of p63 in ISCC (P <0.05, Cp =0.49). Conclusion HPV16/18 possibly participate in the pathogenesis and progress of cervical squamous carcinoma. p63, as the cancer gene, may participate in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer caused by HPV 16/18. p63 could be a differentiation indicator of cervical squamous carcinoma, and it could be one of the markers which would be differentiated into squamous cell in malignant tumour. CD_(44v6) could be used as one of the indicators of distant metastasis of cervical cancer.