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Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and the infiltration of macrophages in renal tissues of patients with lupus nephritis (LN), and provide the evidence for the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. Methods The expression of OPN and the infiltration of macrophages (CD68+ cells) in the renal tissue of 60 LN patients and 10 normal controls were detected by immunohistoche-mical method. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the correlation between variables. Results ① Com pared with the normal control group (5.3 ±1.8), the number of macrophages infiltrated in the renal tissue of LN patients was significantly increased [(52.3 ±7.3) vs (26.1 ±7.2 ), F=105.20, P<0.05].② Compared with the normal control group, the expression of OPN in LN patients was significantly increased, and the expression level of OPN in active patients was significantly higher than that in the inactive group [(23.5 ±4.5) vs (13.3 ±2.9), (21.5 ±3.7) vs (27.0 ±2.4), F=28.65, P<0.05]. ③ There was a significant positive correlation between macrophage infiltration and renal OPN expres-sion in renal tissue of LN patients (r=0.610, P<0.01). Conclusion The high expression of OPN is an im-portant mediator of macrophage infiltration in the process of lupus nephritis development, which may be one of the potential mechanisms of lupus nephritis.
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Objective To assess the effects of tacrolimus (FKS06) on podocyte in type 2 diabetic model rats and to explore the potential mechanism.Methods The model rats were fed with high fat and high sugar food and combining with a low-dose of streptozotocin (STZ).They were then randomly divided into a diabetic mellitus group (DM group) and a FK506 group.A normal control group (NC group) was also set.The rats in FK506 group were given with 0.5 mg· kg-1· d-1 FK506 for 8 weeks.The biochemical parameters were measured.The changes of renal pathology and ultrastructure of podocyte were observed by the light and electron microscopy.The expression of nephrin and LC3-Ⅱ was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results (1) Compared with those in NC group,KW/BW,systolic blood pressure (SBP),fasting blood glucose (FBG),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE) and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) in DM group were significantly increased (all P ＜ 0.05).And the KW/BW,UAE and Ccr were decreased in FK506 group compared to those in DM group (all P ＜ 0.05),while other parameters had no significant difference (all P ＞ 0.05).(2) Compared with those in NC group,the glomerular volume,mesangial cell proliferation and accumulation of mesangial matrix were increased,and the foot process became disorder and fusion in DM group,while these changes were significantly reduced in FK506 group.(3) Compared with that in NC group,the expression of nephrin and LC3-Ⅱ was decreased in DM group (all P ＜ 0.05),and both of parameters were higher in FK506 group than those in DM group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion FK506 may enhance podocyte autophagy in type 2 diabetic model rats and attenuate podocyte injury.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the infiltration of lymphocytes in renal tissues and podocytes injury in patients with lupus nephritis (LN),and provide the evidence of mechanism of podocytes injury in LN.Methods Thirty cases of biopsy proven LN patients were enrolled into the study,10 cases were selected as a the controls.The clinical and pathological data and renal tissues were collected.The infiltration of T lymphocytes (CD4+,CD8+ cells) and B lymphocytes (CD20+ cells) in renal tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method.The nephrin expression was detected by immunofluorescence.The relationship between CD4+,CD8+,CD20+ cells in renal tissues and 24 h UP,nephrin expression were analyzed by Pearson's correlation analysis,respectively.Results ① Compared with the control group,the 24 h UP was increased [2.86±1.37 vs 0.10±0.22 (g/24 h)];the infiltrations of inflammatory cells were increased significantly,the podocytes injury could be observed,combined with effacement of podocytes foot processes or disappeared in the LN group.Moreover,the increase of 24 h UP of active LN group was more evident than that in the inactive group [3.91 ±1.45 vs 1.77±0.69 (g/24 h),F=24.15,P＜0.05],and the infiltration of inflammatory cellsand effacement of podocytes foot processes were more severe in the active LN group.②Compared with the control group,the nephrin expression decreased and the infiltration of CD4+,CD8+ and CD20+ cells in the renal tissues increased significantly,which was mainly aggregated in renal interstitial tissue.And In addition,CD4+ [98±13 vs 40±12 (cells/glomerulus),F=240.18,P＜0.05],CD8+[109.0±16.4 vs 53.3±12.1(cells/glomerulus),F=210.40,P＜0.05] and CD20+ [149.4±1.4 vs 82.6±13.3 (cells/glomerulus),F=544.30,P＜0.05] cells of the active LN group were more remarkable than that in the inactive group.③ The Pearson correlation analysis showed that CD4+,CD8+ and CD20+ cells in renal tissues were positively correlated with 24 h UP (r=0.688,0.748,0.702;P＜0.01),and were negatively correlated with nephrin expression (r=-0.623,-0.793,-0.693;P＜0.01).Conclusion The infiltrations of CD4+,CD8+ and CD20+cells in renal tissues are very closely related with podocytes injury in patients with LN,and the infiltration of lymphocytes may be an important mechanism for podocytes injury in LN patients.
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Objective To study clinical efficacy of leuprorelin acetate in treatment of uterine adenomyosis with infertility.Methods From January 1,2011 to March 31,2012,166 cycles in 166 infertile patients combined with uterine adenomyosis undergoing in vitro fertilization embryo transplant (IVF-ET) with long protocol ovum induction by leuprorelin acetate in centre of medical reproduction,ningbo women and children's hospital were studied retrospectively.In the mean time,200 cycles in 200 infertile patients with tubal factors were enrolled as control group.The volume of uterus and outcome of IVF-ET were compared and studied between two groups.Results (1) Volume of uterus:in adenomyosis group,after 2-6 cycles of injecting leuprorelin acetate (3.75 mg/28 days),the mean uterine volume was shrinked from (180 ±73) cm3 to (86 ± 67) cm3 (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Outcome of IVF-ET:the rate of embryo implantation was 39.1％ in adenomyosis group and 35.8％ in control group.The rate of clinical pregnancy was 54.2％ in adenomyosis group and 53.7％ in control group.The rate of abortion was 4.7％ in adenomyosis group and 4.2％ in control group.They all did not show statistical differences (P ＞0.05).(3) In adenomyosis group,the rate of fertilization,two pronuclear (2PN) and superior embryo were 67.2％ (319/475),60.8％(289/475) and 52.9％ (162/306) in patients with failed pregnancy and 74.2％ (423/570),67.7％(386/570) and 62.1％ (256/412) in patients with successful pregnancy after IVF-ET,which reached significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Leuprorelin acetate could improve volume of uterine adenomyosis and outcome of pregnancy in patients undergoing IVF-ET.