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Objective:To investigate the individual and combined effects of calf circumference and vitamin D levels on all-cause mortality risk in community-dwelling older adults based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.Methods:The calf circumference was measured in the baseline survey in 2012 and 2014.Low calf circumference was defined as <34 cm for men or 33 cm for women at screening.Vitamin D deficiency was defined as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]levels <50 nmol/L.All participants were followed up until 2018, when death outcomes and survival time were collected.Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the effects of calf circumference and 25(OH)D levels on the risk of all-cause mortality.Results:A total of 3 052 older adults were included in the analysis, of which 1 960(64.22%)had low calf circumference and 2 245(73.56%)had vitamin D deficiency.After 10 559.9 person-years of follow-up period, 1 312 death events were recorded.After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, physical activities, cognitive function, and multiple chronic diseases, calf circumference and 25(OH)D levels were negatively associated with the risk of all-cause mortality(both P<0.05). In the combined analysis, compared with the normal group, the risk of death was highest in the participants with both low calf circumference and vitamin D deficiency, which was higher than those with low calf circumference or vitamin D deficiency alone, with a hazard ratios( HR)(95% CI)of 2.51(1.81-3.45), 1.71(1.22-2.42)and 1.53(1.09-2.15), respectively.There was a significant additive interaction between low calf circumference and vitamin D deficiency on mortality(RERI>0). Conclusions:Low calf circumference and vitamin D deficiency are associated with higher mortality.Older adults with combined conditions had a even higher risk of death.Attention should be paid to joint screening and comprehensive intervention for older adults with both low calf circumference and vitamin D deficiency.
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Objective:To explore the significance of proactive healthy living index(PHLI)to provide a reference for the elderly to maintain function through healthy daily life.Methods:The functional status of the elderly was defined based on gait speed and cognitive function.Logistic regression model was used to select the daily life indicators which could be the risk factors for the functional status, and a nomogram was graphed for its visualization.PHLI was formed according to the result of the nomogram.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was plotted according to the functional status of the elderly, and the cut-off value of PHLI was determined based on the principle of the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity.Results:A total of 4 971 participants with an average age of (70.9±7.5)years were included in the cross-sectional study, of whom 2 649 cases(53.3%)maintained normal function.The Logistic regression analysis showed that the housework had the most significant effect on the functional status of the elderly, followed by positive psychology( OR=2.04, 1.92; both P<0.001), increasing the likelihood of maintaining normal function by 104% and 92%, respectively.Regular life patterns, adequate protein intake, sleep quality and so on also influenced functional status of the elderly(all P<0.05). The PHLI median score of the elderly was 7.3(5.9, 8.3)points.The area under the curve(AUC)was 0.70(95% CI: 0.68-0.71), and the cut off value of PHLI was 6.8 points. Conclusions:The PHLI is associated with the maintenance of functional capacity in the elderly, which can be applied as a simple tool to provide reference for old people to keep functional health through living a proactive healthy daily life.
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This article reviews the health-related home safety assessment methods for the elderly, and briefly introduces the development process of the "Person-environment fit" model from the concept, to the risk assessment method of environmental factors and then to the interactive risk assessment method of human-environment factors.Especially, this article introduces several risk assessment methods of residential environment, such as "The Enabler" human function and environmental obstacle assessment tool, the Safety Assessment of Function and the Environment for Rehabilitation(SAFER), the Safety Assessment of Function and the Environment for Rehabilitation-Health Outcome Measurement and Evaluation(SAFER-HOME), the Westmead Home Safety Assessment(WeHSA), the Home Falls and Accident Screening Tool(HOME FAST), the Cougar Home Safety Assessment(CHSA), the in-Home Occupational Performance Evaluation(I-HOPE), the In-Home Occupational Performance Evaluation for Providing Assistance(I-HOPE Assist), the In-Home Medication Management Performance Evaluation(HOME-Rx).
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Objective:To explore the relationship between doing housework and gait speed(GS)in order to identify ways to maintain physical capability in elderly people.Methods:A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted from Jan.2011 to Dec.2011.Subjects in this survey, with a sample of 2 519 males and 2 541 females aged ≥60 years, came from six regions across the country and satisfactorily completed a GS test.A GS in the lower 20% of the reference population(<0.7 m/s)was used as the cut-off point to define slow GS(SGS). Housework was defined as activities such as house cleaning, shopping, cooking and taking care of grandchildren and a response of"often"(≥5 d/week)was considered as doing housework.Propensity Score Matching(PSM)was performed to select comparable sub-groups of the study population to evaluate the association between housework and GS.Results:There were 3 290 subjects(1 645 pairs)selected by PSM.Logistic regression analysis showed that doing housework was inversely associated with SGS, and housework activities reduced the risk of SGS by 60%( OR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.35-0.46, P<0.01). Conclusions:Elderly people who conduct housework often are more likely to maintain GS and therefore should be encouraged to engage in daily activities to help maintain adequate physical performance.
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Objective To explore the security of exosome derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell(huc-MSC-exosome)as a kind of biological product on clinical application.Methods huc-MSC-exosome were separated by ultea centrifuge. CD9 and CD63 expression of huc-MSC-exosome were tested by Western-blot.Nanoparticle analysis was used to detect the size and concentration of huc-MSC-exosome.Hemolytic experiment,systemic anaphylaxis and blood routine test were used to verify the self-safety of huc-MSC-exosome.Results huc-MSC-exosome expressed specific markers of exosome,CD9 and CD63.Moreover,huc-MSC-exosome cannot result in hemolysis,systemic anaphylaxis reaction and abnormality of blood routine test.Conclusion Exosome derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell has general signs of exosomes and possesses the certainly security,which may provide the experimental evidence for huc-MSC-exosome clinical application.
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AIM To investigate the inhibitory effect of pycnogenol on generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in vitro. METHODS Advanced glycation end products were determined by fluorospectrophotometer in the medium of 1 mol?L -1 glucose and 5% bovine albumin incubated at 37℃, 50℃, and 70℃ for different times. The inhibitory effect of pycnogenol was confirmed by the same system incubated with or without pycnogenol at different concentrations. RESULTS The rate of generation of AGEs in vitro was related with incubation time and incubation temperature. The generation of AGEs was inhibited by pycnogenol in vitro. The inhibitory rate was 10%～80% dependent on concentration and incubation time of pycnogenol. The inhibitory effect of pycnogenol on generation of AGEs was almost the same as that of Aminoguanidine at the same concentration. CONCLUSION pycnogenol could significantly inhibit generation of AGEs in vitro.