ABSTRACT
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteric coronavirus that causes diarrhea in piglets. However, the biological characteristics of PDCoV are unclear. In this study, the hemagglutination (HA) abilities of two PDCoV strains (CH-01 and HNZK-04) were investigated. Our results showed that PDCoV has the ability to agglutinate rabbit erythrocytes after virion pretreatment with trypsin or neuraminidase. Additionally, the HA assay results showed a significant positive correlation with the infectious viral titer. Our results suggest that assessing the HA activity of PDCoV may be a useful diagnostic method for investigating and surveilling PDCoV infections.
ABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Coronavirus , Diarrhea , Erythrocytes , Hemagglutination , Methods , Neuraminidase , Population Characteristics , Swine , Trypsin , VirionABSTRACT
Background@#Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that causes porcine reproductive failure. It is of critical importance to study PPV pathogenesis for the prevention and control of the disease. NS1, a PPV non-structural protein, is participated in viral DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, and cytotoxicity. Our previous research showed that PPV can activate nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and then up-regulate the expression of interleukin (IL)-6. @*Objectives@#Herein, the purpose of this study is to determine whether the non-structural protein NS1 of PPV also has the same function. @*Methods@#Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, immunofluorescence assay and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used. @*Results@#Our findings demonstrated that PPV NS1 protein can up-regulate the expression levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, PPV NS1 protein was found to induce the phosphorylation of IκBα, then leading to the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. In addition, the NS1 protein activated the upstream pathways of NF-κB. Meanwhile, TLR2-siRNA assay showed TLR2 plays an important role in the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway induced by PPV-NS1. @*Conclusions@#These findings indicated that PPV NS1 protein induced the up-regulated of IL-6 expression through activating the TLR2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. In conclusion, these findings provide a new avenue to study the innate immune mechanism of PPV infection.
ABSTRACT
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteric coronavirus that causes diarrhea in piglets. However, the biological characteristics of PDCoV are unclear. In this study, the hemagglutination (HA) abilities of two PDCoV strains (CH-01 and HNZK-04) were investigated. Our results showed that PDCoV has the ability to agglutinate rabbit erythrocytes after virion pretreatment with trypsin or neuraminidase. Additionally, the HA assay results showed a significant positive correlation with the infectious viral titer. Our results suggest that assessing the HA activity of PDCoV may be a useful diagnostic method for investigating and surveilling PDCoV infections.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the effect of melatonin on the expression of prestin protein in the inner ear of mice following a single dose radiation therapy, so as to provide the basis for the mechanism study of radiation induced inner ear injury and its prevention.@*Methods@#Sixty 4-week-old male mice were randomly divided into six groups, including the control group (A group), 50 mg/kg MLT group (B group), 5 mg/kg MLT group (C group), 50 mg/kg MLT + radiotherapy group (D group), 5 mg/kg MLT+ radiotherapy group (E group), and 16 Gy radiotherapy group (F group). Each experimental group was randomly subdivided into two subgroups, which were killed to harvest the cochlea on the 3rd and 7th days following 16 Gy radiation. The specimens were used for immunostaining and Western blot to detect the expression of prestin protein. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#Prestin protein mainly distributed in the lateral membrane above the outer hair cell nucleus. When compared with A, B and C group, the expression of prestin protein in the inner ear was significantly up-regulated in F group (P<0.05). However, D and E group reduced the abnormal expression of prestin following radiotherapy when compared with F group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the effect of D group was more significant than E group (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The prestin protein of cochlea is mainly distributed in the lateral membrane above the outer hair cell nucleus. Following the high-dose radiotherapy, the prestin expression is upregulated, and melatonin can control the abnormal expression of prestin protein induced by radiotherapy with dose dependent.
ABSTRACT
Objective To verify whether cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) can be used as an effective method to assess vestibular functions in diabetic rats ,we examined and analyzed cervical vestibular e-voked myogenic potential (cVEMP) in different duration diabetic rats and normal rats .Methods A total of 220 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n=20) and diabetes group (n= 200) .The diabetic rats were further divided into 4 ,6 ,8 ,10 ,and 12 week groups (40 rats each group) according to the diabetes duration . Diabetes was induced by STZ .The general situation ,ABR and cVEMP were conducted in all the groups .Results All diabetic groups appeared typical diabetic symptoms including polydipsia ,polyuria ,more food ,weight loss (P 0 .05) .Conclusion In the cVEM P test ,the threshold increased ,the PI peak latency and N1 peak latency prolonged from the 8 th week of diabe-tes rats models .Vestibular functions were descent gradually due to different degrees of vestibular end -organ impairment . All data indicated that VEM P could be used as an early diagnostic method .
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the risk factors of the newborns who failed initial hearing screening by analysing the distortion production otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) results of 1021 newborns with potential risk factors of hearing loss.@*METHOD@#All newborns, who were born in obstetrical department and admitted in the neonatal department of the Nanfang Hospital during June 2009 to January 2012 and underwent initial hearing screening, were included in this study. Their clinical data and DPOAE results were analyzed retrospectively in order to identify the risk factors for failure of initial hearing screening in infants; cases who failed the DPOAE test were followed up by telephone interviews.@*RESULT@#(1) One hundred and thirty-seven cases (13.42%) of the 1021 newborns did not pass the hearing screening. 51 cases (5.00%) did not pass the test in both ears. Meanwhile, left ear in 47 cases (4.60%) and right ear in another 39 cases (3.82%) failed the test respectively. (2) Univariate analysis showed that 14 factors had significant influence on the hearing screening results, such as birth weight, small for gestational age, multiple pregnancy, gestational age, delivery mode, oligohydramnion, oxytocin, blood sugar level of newborn, Apgar scores at 1 min, exposed prenatally to glucocorticoid, maxillofacial deformity, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal asphyxia (P < 0.01). (3) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis suggested that birthweight less than 1500 g, multiple pregnancy, Apgar scores of 0-4 at 1 min, exposed prenatally to glucocorticoid and maxillofacial deformity were risk factors for failure of initial hearing screening (OR were 3.132, 1.808, 2.615, 1.827 and 12.174 respectively; 95% CI were 1.466-6.691, 1.120-2.917, 1.317-5.336, 1.130-2.953 and 1.986-74.632 respectively). (4) Results of telephone interviews revealed that Apgar scores of 0-4 at 1 min would be a risk factor of language development.@*CONCLUSION@#Birthweight less than 1500 g, multiple pregnancy, Apgar scores of 0-4 at 1 min, exposed prenatally to glucocorticoid and maxillofacial deformity are risk factors of failure of initial hearing screening among newborns with potential hearing loss. Monitoring of the hearing condition of the infants at risk should be strengthened.