ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the bubble dynamic characteristics of shock wave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming(SWEEPS)technique in free water region under different temporay delays.Methods:The Er∶YAG laser tip was activated in free water model with SWEEPS mode at 150-600 μs pulse delay.The bubble dynamic process during irrigation was recorded by a high-speed camera(200 000 Hz).Matlab was used to analyze the interaction between bubble made by the dual pulses frame by frame.The distance between bubble remnants and laser tip was measured before the bubble disappeared.The experimental data were statisti-cally analyzed by SPSS 19.0.Results:In free water region,different temporal delays caused different interaction between the bub-bles activated by the SWEEPS technique with a dual pulse modality.The interactions include bubble fusion,bubble collision and bubble separation.When the temporal delay between 360-440 μs,bubble collision was the most violent,and the farthest distance between bubble remnants and laser tip was reached.Conclusion:In free water region,the dual pulse of SWEEPS technique can lead to bubble interaction which may enhance the cavitation effect of Er∶YAG laser irrigation,and improve the debridement in clinic ap-plication.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinical effect of sodium hyaluronate combined with glucosamine in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis and its improving for knee joint function.Methods 127 patients with knee osteoar-thritis who were treated in our hospital from March 2011 to September 2013 were divided two groups according to the random number table method,the control group was intra -articular injected with sodium hyaluronate,while the obser-vation group was treated with oral glucosamine on the basis of control group therapy.Compared the clinical effect,the keen joint pain by the visual analogue score(VAS)method were evaluated,and the improving of knee joint function and adverse reaction status in two groups after treatment was analyzed.Results Patients were followed up for 3 months,observed in 42 cases,17 cases markedly effective group,progress in 4 cases,invalid 1 cases,in the control group 31 cases were markedly effective,effective in 20 cases,progress in 7 cases,5 cases were ineffective,with a sig-nificant difference between he ttwo groups(Z =-2.120,P =0.034).VAS scores in the two groups after treatment were reduced than before treatment,and the reduced extent in the observation group was bigger than the control group [(2.7 ±0.8)vs (4.2 ±1.0)],the difference was statistically significant(t =3.832,P =0.039).Knee joint func-tion score of the two groups after treatment were increased than before treatment,and increased extent in the observa-tion group was bigger than the control group[(88.9 ±11.8)vs (75.2 ±12.0)],the difference was statistically sig-nificant(t =3.261,P =0.016).There were adverse reactions in the two groups after treatment,but the difference was no statistically significant(P >0.05).Conclusion Sodium hyaluronate combined with glucosamine can significantly promote the clinical effect in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis,it can relieve pain,improve the recovery of knee joint function and will not increased the risk of adverse reaction of patients after treatment,which has an important value to be popularized in clinical field.