Mechanism and treatment of mucous hypersecretion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Airway mucus hypersecretion is one of the important pathophysiological and clinical manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It has been reported in the literature that COPD patients with chronic airway mucus hypersecretion have more frequent acute exacerbations, more severe lung function decline, and higher hospitalizations and mortality. Therefore, it is particularly critical to understand the pathogenesis of hypersecretion of mucus in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and find out effective treatment. This article focuses on the structure, significance of airway mucus and the mechanism of hypersecretion of mucus in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, we also summarized drug and non-drug therapy for chronic airway mucus hypersecretion in this article. Drug therapy includes traditional drug therapy, some new targeted drug therapy for pathogenesis and traditional Chinese medicine therapy, and non-drug therapy includes smoking cessation, physical therapy and bronchos-copy therapy. We hope that it will provide new ideas and directions for the treatment of mucus hypersecretion in COPD patients.

A new strategy for evaluating antitumor activity in vitro with time-dimensional characteristics of RTCA technology / 中国药理学通报

Aim To analyze the anti-A549 and HI299 lung ade-nocarcinoma activities via using examples of baicalin, astragalo-side, hesperidin and cisplatin based on real time cellular analysis (RTCA) technology, and to build a new strategy for EC50 e-valuation reflecting the time-dimensional characteristic. Methods Using RTCA Software Pro for data analysis and GraphPad Prism and Origin Pro plotting, the in vitro anti-A549 and H1299 lung adenocarcinoma activities of baicalin, astragaloside, hesperidin, and cisplatin were characterized using the endpoint method and time dimension, respectively. Results (X) There were significant differences in EC50 values of A549 and H1299 cells at 24 h and 48 h endpoint methods. (2) The correlation coefficient of the curve fitted with the four-parameter equation was > 0. 9, and the dynamic change of EC50 remained relatively stable (the linear fitting of EC50 at adjacent 4 points I slope 1

Polysaccharides from Chinese herbal medicine: a review on the hepatoprotective and molecular mechanism / 中国天然药物

Polysaccharides, predominantly extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as Lycium barbarum, Angelica sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Dendrobium officinale, Ganoderma lucidum, and Poria cocos, represent principal bioactive constituents extensively utilized in Chinese medicine. These compounds have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory capabilities, especially anti-liver injury activities, while exhibiting minimal adverse effects. This review summarized recent studies to elucidate the hepatoprotective efficacy and underlying molecular mechanisms of these herbal polysaccharides. It underscored the role of these polysaccharides in regulating hepatic function, enhancing immunological responses, and improving antioxidant capacities, thus contributing to the attenuation of hepatocyte apoptosis and liver protection. Analyses of molecular pathways in these studies revealed the intricate and indispensable functions of traditional Chinese herbal polysaccharides in liver injury management. Therefore, this review provides a thorough examination of the hepatoprotective attributes and molecular mechanisms of these medicinal polysaccharides, thereby offering valuable insights for the advancement of polysaccharide-based therapeutic research and their potential clinical applications in liver disease treatment.

Study on the toxic mechanism of Mahuang xixin fuzi decoction based on fecal metabolomics / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the toxic mechanism of Mahuang xixin fuzi decoction （MXF） on normal mice. METHODS Totally 48 SPF grade BABL/C mice were randomly divided into blank group， MXF low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups， with 12 mice in each group. MXF low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups were given drug intragastrically at the dose of 11.262， 33.786， 45.050 g/kg， respectively. Blank group was administered with equal volume of normal saline， once a day， for consecutive 7 d. The body weight， anal temperature and survival rate were recorded， organ index and serum biochemical factors were detected. After the last administration， fecal samples of mice were collected and detected by UHPLC-QE/MS. RESULTS Compared with blank group， the body weight was decreased significantly from the 3rd to the 5th day after administration in MXF medium-dose group， and from the 2nd to the 7th day after administration in MXF high-dose group significantly （P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference in anal temperature among the treatment groups； the average survival rates of MXF medium-dose and high-dose groups were 58.33% and 50.00%， respectively. Compared with blank group， there were significant difference in the indexes of spleen， lung， thymus， adrenal gland and creatine kinase in MXF low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups， the testis index in MXF low-dose and high-dose groups， the creatine kinase isoenzyme/creatine kinase ratio in MXF low-dose group， the α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase， lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in MXF medium-dose group， the urine and cystatin C in MXF medium-dose and high-dose groups （P＜0.05）. The fecal metabonomic analysis showed that 19 biomarkers such as phenylpyruvate， L-tyrosine， phosphatidylcholine， glycerol 3-phosphate in MXF low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups were significantly different from those in the blank group. CONCLUSIONS When MXF reaches a certain dose， it will have adverse effects on the body weight， multiple organs and serum biochemical indicators of mice， thus showing a certain toxic effect. Its mechanism may be related to disrupting the intestinal flora metabolism， causing inflammatory reaction and immune disorders.

Metagenomic and targeted metabolomic analyses reveal distinct phenotypes of the gut microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), and the patients with CRC and T2DM have worse survival. The human gut microbiota (GM) is linked to the development of CRC and T2DM, respectively. However, the GM characteristics in patients with CRC and T2DM remain unclear.@*METHODS@#We performed fecal metagenomic and targeted metabolomics studies on 36 samples from CRC patients with T2DM (DCRC group, n = 12), CRC patients without diabetes (CRC group, n = 12), and healthy controls (Health group, n = 12). We analyzed the fecal microbiomes, characterized the composition and function based on the metagenomics of DCRC patients, and detected the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs) levels in all fecal samples. Finally, we performed a correlation analysis of the differential bacteria and metabolites between different groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the CRC group, LefSe analysis showed that there is a specific GM community in DCRC group, including an increased abundance of Eggerthella , Hungatella , Peptostreptococcus , and Parvimonas , and decreased Butyricicoccus , Lactobacillus , and Paraprevotella . The metabolomics analysis results revealed that the butyric acid level was lower but the deoxycholic acid and 12-keto-lithocholic acid levels were higher in the DCRC group than other groups ( P < 0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the dominant bacterial abundance in the DCRC group ( Parvimonas , Desulfurispora , Sebaldella , and Veillonellales , among others) was negatively correlated with butyric acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid and glycocholate. However, the abundance of mostly inferior bacteria was positively correlated with these metabolic acid levels, including Faecalibacterium , Thermococci , and Cellulophaga .@*CONCLUSIONS@#Unique fecal microbiome signatures exist in CRC patients with T2DM compared to those with non-diabetic CRC. Alterations in GM composition and SCFAs and secondary BAs levels may promote CRC development.

Mutations in CERS3 Gene Underlies a Case of Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyosis / 罕见病研究

Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis caused by CERS3 mutations is extremely rare in clinical practice. We recently identified a family of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis and performed multigene exome sequencing for hereditary skin diseases to identify causative genes. Mutation analysis revealed compound heterozygous mutations of c.746A>G(from the mother) and exon12 deletion(from the father)in CERS3 were detected in the proband, which were verified by Sanger sequencing and co-segregated with the ichthyosis phenotype in the proband and her parents. These mutations were both reported for the first time. For the treatment, the proband received an oral acitretin capsules of 20 mg once daily. After 3-month follow up, the patient's lesion improved significantly.

Risk factors of red blood cell infusion in very low/ultra-low birth weight neonates with respiratory distress syndrome / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the risk factors of red blood cell transfusion frequency (fRBCT) toward newborns with very/extremely low birth weight (V/ELBW) who experienced 57 days, >2.75 days and >23.75 days. 【Conclusion】 Increased fRBCT may complicate V/ELBW NRDS newborns who experienced <32 weeks of gestational age with NEC, hematosepsis, BPD and ROP. Duration of hospital stay, invasive ventilation and IVN are relatively effective predictive indicators for whether such cases have undergone ≥3 red blood cell transfusions throughout their hospitalization.

Recombinant Human Peroxiredoxin-5 Improves Anti-tumor Immunity by Inducing Macrophage Polarization / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Tumor cells can use different strategies to suppress the immune system and disable them for killing tumor cells. Previous studies have shown that recombinant human peroxiredoxin-5 (hPRDX5) can activate the normal anti-tumor immune, so as to control and eliminate the tumor cells, but its exact mechanism of action needs to be studied in depth. The study aimed to investigate whether hPRDX5 exerts its anti-tumor activity by activating or reversing the polarization state of mouse macrophages RAW264. 7 cells. The results of CCK8 showed that different doses of hPRDX5 could significantly enhance the viability of macrophage compared with the control group (P < 0. 001); The results of Nitric oxide (NO) test showed that hPRDX5 significantly enhanced NO secretion levels in RAW264. 7 cells (P < 0. 001); ELISA experiments revealed that hPRDX5 promotes TNF-α (P<0. 01) and IL-6 (P<0. 001) secretion in RAW264. 7 cells; Flow cytometry revealed that hPRDX5 increased the expression of antigen differentiation cluster (CD) 80 (P < 0. 01) and inducible nitric oxide oxide synthase (iNOS) (P < 0. 001) in RAW264. 7 cells, and reduced the expression of CD206 (P < 0. 001) in RAW264. 7 cells induced by tumor conditional culture solution (TCS); Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) experiments revealed that hPRDX5 can increase the killing activity of mouse macrophages on mouse pancreatic cancer Panc02 cells. hPRDX5 is able to activate mouse macrophage RAW264. 7 cells, promotes its M1-type polarization, reverses M2-type polarization, and exerts antitumor activity through the immune-enhancing effect.

Mechanism of quercetin regulating p38 MAPK/NF-kB/NLRP3 signaling pathway in rats with secretory otitis media / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of quercetin (Que) on secretory otitis media (SOM) rats and its mechanism. Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into control group (control), model group (model), Que group (100 mg • kg

Study on efficacy and regulation of inflammatory factors with oseltamivir phosphate by different time series of interventions in a murine model of influenza A H1N1 virus infection / 中国药理学通报

Aim To compare the effects of different time sequence interventions on virus infected mice by using oseltamivir (Tamiflu) as a "tool drug" in view of the current situation of the too early the administration time of antiviral in vivo experiment, so as to provide a basis for selecting a reasonable model intervention time point for antiviral drug research. Methods Balb/c mice were randomly divided into six groups. The virus infection model was established by intranasal infection with influenza virus (0.25 TCID50). Tamiflu-1 group and Tamiflu-2 group were administered orally on 1st and 4th day after exposure. The body mass, survival rate, organ index, viral load and inflammatory factor content were measured. Results Compared with the blank control group, the body weight of the mice in the model group decreased and the lung index increased significantly (P < 0.05). The expression levels of 13 inflammatory factors in model 2 group were significantly different ( P < 0.05). Compared with the model-1 group ,the lung index and spleen index of the Tamiflu-1 group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the mode-2 group,the lung index in the Tamiflu-2 group was significantly lower (P <0.05) ,and the thy-mus index was significantly higher (P<0.05). The viral load was 0. 03 times that of the model-2 group. The expression levels of 13 inflammatory factors were significantly different (P < 0. 05). Conclusions The symptoms of the mice in Scheme 2 are more obvious and stable after exposure. After administration, the lung inflammation damage is alleviated. Considering the latency, drug intervention is in line with the drug indications when the model animals show symptoms. It will be more reasonable and accurate whether in the model evaluation or drug evaluation.

Effects of Sijunzi decoction-containing serum on polyamine/HuR signaling pathway during IEC-6 cell proliferation / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of Sijunzi Decoction on mRNA and protein expression related to growth and cell cycle in polyamine/HuR signaling pathway during small intestinal epithelial cell (IEC-6) proliferation, and to explore its mechanism on intestinal mucosal injury repair. Methods Sijunzi Decoction-containing serum (SJZD) was prepared from SD rats, the expression of HuR protein in cytoplasm and nucleus was analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot, the mRNA level of activating transcription factor-2 (A T F - 2), JunD and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) were determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR), Western blot was used to detect protein level of HuR, ATF-2, JunD and CDK4, and flow cytometry was applied to analyse cell cycle distribution. Results Compared with the control group, the mRNA and protein expression of ATF-2 and JunD decreased, while the expression of Cdk4 mRNA and protein increased in SZJD group, and the proportion of G

Tripterygium hypoglaucum extract ameliorates adjuvant-induced arthritis in mice through the gut microbiota / 中国天然药物

Traditionally, Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Levl.) Hutch (THH) are widely used in Chinese folk to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to investigate whether the anti-RA effect of THH is related with the gut microbiota. The main components of prepared THH extract were identified by HPLC-MS. C57BL/6 mice with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) were treated with THH extract by gavage for one month. THH extract significantly alleviated swollen ankle, joint cavity exudation, and articular cartilage destruction in AIA mice. The mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory mediators in muscles and plasma indicated that THH extract attenuated inflammatory responses in the joint by blocking TLR4/MyD88/MAPK signaling pathways. THH extract remarkably restored the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in AIA mice, featuring the increases of Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and Lactobacillus and the decreases of Butyricimonas, Parabacteroides, and Anaeroplasma. Furthermore, the altered bacteria were closely correlated with physiological indices and drove metabolic changes of the intestinal microbiota. In addition, antibiotic-induced pseudo germ-free mice were employed to verify the role of the intestinal flora. Strikingly, THH treatment failed to ameliorate the arthritis symptoms and signaling pathways in pseudo germ-free mice, which validates the indispensable role of the intestinal flora. For the first time, we demonstrated that THH extract protects joint inflammation by manipulating the intestinal flora and regulating the TLR4/MyD88/MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, THH extract may serve as a microbial modulator to recover RA in clincial practice.ver RA in clincial practice.

Determination of Serum Unbound Bilirubin and Its Clinical Application Value in Neonates / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical appropriateness and application value of the peroxidase （POD） method for the detection of unbound bilirubin （UB） in neonatal serum. MethodsHydrogen peroxide （0.33 mol/L） and three different final concentrations （0.019， 0.038， 0.075 μg/mL） of horseradish peroxidase （HRP） were added to standard bilirubin solution （1， 2， 3 μmol/L） to obtain a standardized HRP primary rate constant Kp. Then 25 μL of neonatal serum was diluted by 41.6 fold， and measured with 2.4 and 4.8 μg/mL HRP at 37 ℃ under the dark， to determine the UB concentration. The accuracy， precision， and stability of the methodology were validated. The clinical characteristics of 33 jaundiced neonates were collected， including total serum bilirubin （TSB）， indirect bilirubin （IDB）， albumin （ALB）， bilirubin to albumin molar ratio （BAMR）， etc. The experimental data were analyzed by Graphpad Prism 8.0. ResultsA standardized Kp of （7.20±1.08） mL·μg-1·min-1 was determined at pH 7.4±0.2， 37 ℃ in the dark. The HRP activity and UB concentrations remained stable at -20 ℃ for 3 weeks and a week， respectively. The mean intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation of the serum samples with different UB concentrations were less than 10%. In this study， the UB concentrations in 33 jaundiced neonates （gestational age ≥35 weeks） were measured by the POD method in the range of （0.32～1.20） μg/dL， which was positively correlated with TSB， IDB and BAMR. Of the five infants whose UB concentrations measured more than 1 μg/dL， three received intensive phototherapy （60%）. ConclusionsThe POD method combined with a standard equipment spectrophotometer to detect serum UB concentrations in neonates is easy to operate， rapid to detect， and low cost. This method has good accuracy and precision， which is convenient for clinical implementation. Moreover， the measurement of serum UB may assist us in better management of neonatal jaundice in clinical practice.

Value of blood ammonia and cholinesterase in the early diagnosis of liver cirrhosis with minimal hepatic encephalopathy / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the value of serum markers in the early diagnosis of liver cirrhosis with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Methods A prospective analysis was performed for 81 patients who were hospitalized and treated in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from April 2020 to February 2022, and all these patients were diagnosed with hepatitis B cirrhosis based on clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, and radiological examination or liver biopsy. According to digital connection test A (NCT-A) and digital symbol test (DST), these patients were divided into simple cirrhosis group with 45 patients and MHE group with 36 patients. Related indices were measured, including liver function [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBil)], albumin, blood ammonia, cholinesterase, and prothrombin time. The independent samples t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The logistic regression analysis and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to investigate the predictive factors for MHE. Results Compared with the simple cirrhosis group, the MHE group had a significant increase in NCT-A score ( Z =-7.110, P < 0.001) and a significant reduction in DST score ( t =12.223, P < 0.001). The univariate analysis showed that there were significant changes in AST, albumin, prothrombin time, cholinesterase, and blood ammonia in the patients with MHE ( Z =-2.319, -2.643, -1.982, -6.594, and -5.331, all P < 0.05), while the multivariate analysis showed that only cholinesterase and blood ammonia were significant predictive factors (all P < 0.05) and were correlated with Child-Pugh score (all P < 0.05). Cholinesterase, blood ammonia, and their combination had an AUC of 0.925, 0.845, and 0.941, respectively, in the diagnosis of MHE, with an optimal cut-off value of 2966, 60, and 0.513, respectively. Conclusion Blood ammonia, cholinesterase, and their combined measurement have a potential clinical value in the early diagnosis of liver cirrhosis with MHE.

Active components and mechanism of Jinwugutong Capsules in treatment of osteoporosis: a study based on UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS combined with network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS and network pharmacology were employed to preliminarily study the active components and mechanism of Jinwugutong Capsules in the treatment of osteoporosis. Firstly, UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS was employed to characterize the chemical components of Jinwugutong Capsules, and network pharmacology was employed to establish the "drug-component-target-pathway-disease" network. The key targets and main active components were thus obtained. Secondly, AutoDock was used for the molecular docking between the main active components and key targets. Finally, the animal model of osteoporosis was established, and the effect of Jinwugutong Capsules on the expression of key targets including RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(AKT1), albumin(ALB), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). A total of 59 chemical components were identified from Jinwugutong Capsules, among which coryfolin, 8-prenylnaringenin, demethoxycurcumin, isobavachin, and genistein may be the main active components of Jinwugutong Capsules in treating osteoporosis. The topological analysis of the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network revealed 10 core targets such as AKT1, ALB, catenin beta 1(CTNNB1), TNF, and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment showed that Jinwugutong Capsules mainly exerted the therapeutic effect by regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT) signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway and so on. Molecular docking showed that the main active components of Jinwugutong Capsules well bound to the key targets. ELISA results showed that Jinwugutong Capsules down-regulated the protein levels of AKT1 and TNF-α and up-regulated the protein level of ALB, which preliminarily verified the reliability of network pharmacology. This study indicates that Jinwugutong Capsules may play a role in the treatment of osteoporosis through multiple components, targets, and pathways, which can provide reference for the further research.

An investigation of frequency of radiation services in medical institutions in Hangzhou, China, 2020 / 中国辐射卫生

@#<b>Objective</b> To investigate radiation resources in medical diagnosis and treatment and their use frequency in medical institutions in Hangzhou, China, and to provide a basis for relevant departments to rationally allocate and scientifically supervise the resources. <b>Methods</b> From April 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020, a survey was conducted on the basic information, radiation staff, equipment configuration, and frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment of all medical institutions in Hangzhou using a questionnaire. <b>Results</b> There were 1001 institutions with radiation services in Hangzhou, with 6714 radiation staff members and 2742 pieces of radiation equipment. The frequency of conventional X-ray diagnosis was 788.43 per 1000 population. The frequency of computed tomography diagnosis was 531.93 per 1000 population. The frequency of mammography and dental photography diagnosis was 246.34 per 1000 population. The frequency of interventional diagnosis and treatment was 10.01 per 1000 population. The frequency of radiotherapy was 2.39 per 1000 population. The frequency of nuclear medicine diagnosis was 8.90 per 1000 population. The frequency of nuclear medicine treatment was 0.99 per 1000 population. <b>Conclusion</b> Medical institutions have developed rapidly in Hangzhou, but with an unbalanced situation. In order to better protect the health of examinees, we recommend relevant departments optimize resource allocation and strengthen supervision on radiation protection in medical institutions.

Chinese consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring of polymyxin B, endorsed by the Infection and Chemotherapy Committee of the Shanghai Medical Association and the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Committee of the Chinese Pharmacological Society / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Polymyxin B, which is a last-line antibiotic for extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, became available in China in Dec. 2017. As dose adjustments are based solely on clinical experience of risk toxicity, treatment failure, and emergence of resistance, there is an urgent clinical need to perform therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to optimize the use of polymyxin B. It is thus necessary to standardize operating procedures to ensure the accuracy of TDM and provide evidence for their rational use. We report a consensus on TDM guidelines for polymyxin B, as endorsed by the Infection and Chemotherapy Committee of the Shanghai Medical Association and the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Committee of the Chinese Pharmacological Society. The consensus panel was composed of clinicians, pharmacists, and microbiologists from different provinces in China and Australia who made recommendations regarding target concentrations, sample collection, reporting, and explanation of TDM results. The guidelines provide the first-ever consensus on conducting TDM of polymyxin B, and are intended to guide optimal clinical use.

Hepatocellular carcinoma segmentation and pathological differentiation degree prediction method based on multi-task learning / 生物医学工程学杂志

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy, where HCC segmentation and prediction of the degree of pathological differentiation are two important tasks in surgical treatment and prognosis evaluation. Existing methods usually solve these two problems independently without considering the correlation of the two tasks. In this paper, we propose a multi-task learning model that aims to accomplish the segmentation task and classification task simultaneously. The model consists of a segmentation subnet and a classification subnet. A multi-scale feature fusion method is proposed in the classification subnet to improve the classification accuracy, and a boundary-aware attention is designed in the segmentation subnet to solve the problem of tumor over-segmentation. A dynamic weighted average multi-task loss is used to make the model achieve optimal performance in both tasks simultaneously. The experimental results of this method on 295 HCC patients are superior to other multi-task learning methods, with a Dice similarity coefficient (Dice) of (83.9 ± 0.88)% on the segmentation task, while the average recall is (86.08 ± 0.83)% and an F1 score is (80.05 ± 1.7)% on the classification task. The results show that the multi-task learning method proposed in this paper can perform the classification task and segmentation task well at the same time, which can provide theoretical reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC patients.

Discrimination of cultivation modes of Dendrobium nobile based on content of mineral elements and ratios of nitrogen stable isotopes / 中国中药杂志

This study explored the feasibility of mineral element content and ratios of nitrogen isotopes to discriminate the cultivation mode of Dendrobium nobile in order to provide theoretical support for the discrimination of the cultivation mode of D. nobile. The content of 11 mineral elements(N, K, Ca, P, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and B) and nitrogen isotope ratios in D. nobile and its substrate samples in three cultivation methods(greenhouse cultivation, tree-attached cultivation, and stone-attached cultivation) were determined. According to the analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and stepwise discriminant analysis, the samples of different cultivation types were classified. The results showed that the nitrogen isotope ratios and the content of elements except for Zn were significantly different among different cultivation types of D. nobile(P<0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that the nitrogen isotope ratios, mineral element content, and effective component content in D. nobile were correlated with the nitrogen isotope ratio and mineral element content in the corresponding substrate samples to varying degrees. Principal component analysis can preliminarily classify the samples of D. nobile, but some samples overlapped. Through stepwise discriminant analysis, six indicators, including δ~(15)N, K, Cu, P, Na, and Ca, were screened out, which could be used to establish the discriminant model of D. nobile cultivation methods, and the overall correct discrimination rates after back-substitution test, cross-check, and external validation were all 100%. Therefore, nitrogen isotope ratios and mineral element fingerprints combined with multivariate statistical analysis could effectively discriminate the cultivation types of D. nobile. The results of this study provide a new method for the identification of the cultivation type and production area of D. nobile and an experimental basis for the quality evaluation and quality control of D. nobile.

Characterization of Effective Components in Guizhi Jia Gegentang for Intervention of Influenza Virus Pneumonia Based on Serum Pharmacochemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo characterize the efficacy components of Guizhi Jia Gegentang（GGT） in intervening influenza virus pneumonia by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）. MethodBALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group and GGT group（36 g·kg-1·d-1） with six mice in each group. GGT group was continuously administered GGT extract for 5 d， while the normal group was administered an equal amount of ultrapure water. Serum and lung tissue were collected after administration， and UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS was used to characterize the prototypical and metabolic components of GGT in serum and lung tissue of mice. The components existed simultaneously in the serum and lung tissue of mice from the GGT group were defined as its functional components， and the targets of efficacy components were searched by SwissTargetPrediction database， and GeneCards database was used to query the target of influenza virus pneumonia， and then the intersection was taken to obtain potential targets of GGT for intervening in the disease. Protein-protein interaction（PPI） network analysis of potential targets was performed by STRING database， and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis on potential targets was performed by Metascape. ResultA total of 29 prototypical components and 28 metabolic components of GGT were detected in the drug-containing serum of mice， of which 11 prototypical components and 4 metabolic components were detected in the lung tissue of mice. The main metabolic pathways included reduction， hydroxylation， methylation， glucuronidation and sulfation. The results of PPI network and KEGG analysis showed that these functional components may act through their effects on targets such as albumin（ALB）， epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR）， steroid receptor coactivator（SRC）， Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）， nuclear transcription factor（NF）-κB and adhesion junction. ConclusionThe 11 prototypical components and 4 metabolites present simultaneously in the drug-containing serum and lung tissue of mice may be the potential therapeutic components of GGT in interfering with influenza viral pneumonia， and act through interfering with inflammatory metabolic pathways. This study can provide a reference for the mechanism study of GGT in the treatment of influenza viral pneumonia.