ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the characteristics of imported malaria epidemic from overseas in Wuhan, to explore the management mechanism of on-site cases, and to accumulate experience for the treatment of imported malaria in large cities after malaria elimination. Methods The epidemiological data on imported malaria from abroad during the period of malaria elimination (2010-2019) in Wuhan were collected. The gender, age and severe illness-related factors of the cases were analyzed. Based on the characteristics of the epidemic and the current situation of prevention and control, the content and experience of the “Municipal-District 24-7” case mechanism were discussed. Results The medical resources in Wuhan were the best in the central region, resulting in a large number of imported malaria cases, with a total of 474 cases reported from 2010 to 2019 (40.79% of the total number of cases in Hubei Province), including 359 cases of falciparum malaria, 36 severe cases and one death (the death rate was 0.28%). The patients were mainly young and middle-aged men aged 20 to 49 years old (97.26%). There were many referral cases (40.30%), and there was no seasonal clustering of cases reported. The undiagnosed proportion at the first visit was 44.85%, and the time of attack-diagnosis was 4 days or more in 61.00% of cases. The occurrence of severe cases was related to unconfirmed diagnosis at the first visit (χ2=35.46, P<0.001) and attack-diagnosis time (Z=-6.49, P<0.001). Conclusion Imported malaria occurs frequently in Wuhan, mainly falciparum malaria. However, “Municipal-District 24-7” case mechanism has effectively curbed the occurrence of severe and death cases and provided valuable experience for case management in similar cities in China.
ABSTRACT
Adenovirus remains a significant threat to public health. Recent studies showed that bats can harbor diverse adenoviruses. To further investigate the distribution and genetic diversity of bat adenoviruses in China, we collected throat and anal swab samples of 11 bat species from 6 provinces of China, including Beijing, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and Hainan. Nested PCR was used to identify potential bat adenoviruses from the samples, and positive results were cloned and sequenced for genetic diversity study. In addition, nucleotide sequence alignments based on corresponding amino acid sequence similarities were used for phylogenetic analyses. Our results showed that about 20% of bat species in China are positive to adenoviruses, and Myotis ricketti is likely to be the most important host of bat adenoviruses in all locations. Moreover, we identified two diverse sequences of bat adenoviruses from the same sample of Ia io in Guizhou province of China. In general, the average nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarities of the conserved region of DNA polymerases of bat adenoviruses are 66.6% and 74.7%, respectively. The differences between bat species and their residences environments may have driven the adaptive evolution of the viruses, leading to the genetic diversity of the bat adenoviruses.
Subject(s)
Animals , Adenoviridae , Classification , Genetics , Physiology , China , Chiroptera , Virology , Genetic Variation , Host Specificity , PhylogenyABSTRACT
An outbreak of hand foot and mouth disease occurred in Shang dong, China in 2009. Almost 20% of patient's swabs was positive for Coxsackie virus B5 (CVB5) identified by RT-PCR and sequencing. It was suggested that CVB5 may be another important pathogen for HFMD. Fifteen pairs of overlapping primers were designed and the genome sequence was sequenced. The genome of CVB5 was 7 399 nt in length, coding for 2 185aa. The genome displayed 80.6%-85.3% nucleotide sequence identity and 96.1%-96.9% amino acid sequence identity with another three CVB5 respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that different segment of genome underwent a distinct evolutionary and selective pressure. Simplot analysis displayed no evident recombination between genome of CVB5 and other HEV B viruses. The complete and characterized genome of CVB5/09 provides further insight into the genetics of CVB5 and other HEV B viruses, aiding in the surveillance and control of HFMD.