¹H-NMR based metabonomic approach to evaluate anti-coagulant effect of Danggui Sini decoction / 中国中药杂志

To study the anti-coagulant effect and influence of danggui Sini decoction (DSD) on rat's plasma endogenous metabolites by animal experiment and ¹H-NMR based metabolomics method. After intragastric administration of Danggui Sini Decoction for 7 days, Plasma thrombin time (TT) was measured. Rat plasma metabolic fingerprint in two groups was analyzed using ¹H-NMR, based on which the principal component analysis( PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) models for metabonomic analysis. Potential biomarkers were screened by using variable importance in the projection (VIP) and T test. DSD could prolong TT of the rat significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, six kinds of endogenous metabolites in DSD group change significantly (P < 0.05), among which isobutyrate, carnitine and phenylalanine content had an upward trend (P < 0.01) and lysine, Histidine and cholesterol content had a downward trend (P < 0.05). It is likely that carnitine, phenylalanine, Histidine and cholesterol are the potential metabolic markers in the anti-coagulant process and DSD affects the platelet aggregation and the expression of tissue factor and fiber protease by regulating the energy, amino acid and lipid metabolism.

Hepatotoxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii after ganoderma solid fermentation and its effect on expression of Nrf2 in rats / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the hepatotoxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii after ganoderma solid fermentation product-Ling-Lei fermentation substance. Methods: SD rats were randomly separated into three groups: control (C), Ling-lei fermentation substance (LF), and T. wilfordii (TW) groups. SD rats in LF and TW groups were ig administered with 95% ethanol extract of Ling-lei fermentation substance and T. wilfordii at the doses of 2.037 5 and 0.64 g/kg, respectively once a day for consecutive 30 d. After administration, the blood biochemical index and liver histopathological examination were determined. The expression levels of Nrf2 and P38 protein in liver tissue were tested by Western blotting. Results: The liver histopathological examination revealed that rats in LF group showed the central cells necrosis in liver tissue only, the local cytoplasm dissolved in peripheral cells, and the apoptosis appeared. Rats in TW group showed the small necrosis, nuclear apoptosis, obvious collagen fibers in liver cells, and cells dissolved the necrosis. Compared with C group, content of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), expression levels of nucleoprotein Nrf2 and P38 protein of rats in LF and TW groups increased, while these indicators in LF group decreased obviously compared with TW group (P < 0.05). The levels of albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP) in LF and TW groups decreased compared with C group (P < 0.05), while ALB and TP in LF group decreased significantly compared with TW group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The hepatotoxicity of Ling-lei fermentation substance is lower than that of T. Wilfordii, and its toxic mechanism may be associated with anti-oxidation initiated by activating the P38 MARK and the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathways.

Lignans and flavonoids from rhizome of Drynaria fortunei / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the rhizome of Drynaria fortunei. Methods: Silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC were used to isolate pure compounds. The compounds were identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. Results: Fourteen compounds were isolated from the rhizome of D. fortunei, including three lignans (1-3) and eight flavonoids (4-11). By spectroscopic techniques, such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS, these compounds were identified as (7′R,8′S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), lariciresinol 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (-)-secoisolariciresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), eriodictyol (4), eriodictyol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), neoeriocitrin (6), naringin (7), luteolin (8), luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), luteolin 8-C-β-D- glucopyranoside (10), 2′,4′-dihydroxydihydrochalcone (11), maltol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12), β-sitosterol (13), and daucosterol (14). Conclusion: Compounds 1-3, and 11 are isolated from the plants in Polypodiaceae family for the first time, and compounds 5 and 8-10 are isolated from the plants of Drynaria (Bory) J. Sm. for the first time. Compound 1 is present as rotamers at room temperature.

Two new phenolic acids from Drynariae rhizoma / 药学学报

To study the chemical constituents of Drynariae Rhizoma, nine phenolic acids were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. By spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS, these compounds were identified as 4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3'-imino-di-benzoic acid (1), protocatechuic acid (2), gallic acid (3), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), (E)-caffeic acid (5), ethyl trans-3, 4-dihydroxycinnamate (6), caffeic acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), p-coumaric acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), and 23(S)-12-O-caffeoyl-12-hydroxyllauric acid glycerol ester (9), separately. Among them, 1 and 9 are new compounds, and 3, 4, and 6 were isolated from Drynaria species for the first time.