ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents one of the most frequent endocrine malignancies. Several factors have been found to be involved in determining the outcome of treatment for patients with PTC. Large tumor size, diagnosis at an early age, extra-thyroidal invasion, aggressive histological variants, and distant metastases are the most important determinants of a poor outcome. BRAF(V600E) mutation has been found to be a major genetic alteration in PTC. This study aimed to evaluate progression in patients with multifocal and solitary PTC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We performed a retrospective study to analyze 368 patients with PTC who underwent surgery, including 282 patients with solitary PTC and 86 patients with multifocal PTC. The status of BRAF(V600E) mutation in all tumor foci from multifocal PTC was detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Our study suggested that multifocal PTC was more related to lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion than solitary PTC. However, the distant metastasis rate and 10-year survival rate showed no difference between these two groups. The number of tumor foci did not affect progression of disease in multifocal PTC patients. Lymph node metastasis in multifocal PTC patients was associated with larger tumors, diagnosis at early stage, and extra-thyroidal invasion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The status of BRAF(V600E) mutation was more frequent in multifocal PTC patients with lymph node metastasis and diagnosis at later age.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma , Genetics , Pathology , Carcinoma, Papillary , Genetics , Pathology , Mutation , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf , Genetics , Retrospective Studies , Thyroid Neoplasms , Genetics , PathologyABSTRACT
Oncogene and antioncogene play contrary effects on the cell growth and proliferation controlling process, and cancer occurs when the presence of imbalance expression between them. That means there is yin-yang relationship between oncogene (yang) and antioncogene (yin), and also inside both of them. Taking the oncogene myc and antioncogene p53 for example, the yin gene p53 acts, in the yin side, to promote cell apoptosis and inhibit cell growth, while in the yang side, it facilitates for repairing the injured DNA to keep cell survival; the yang gene myc, promoting cell growth and proliferation in the yang side and inducing cell apoptosis in the yin side. To elucidate the yin-yang reactions between oncogene and antioncogene would be of important significance in the all-round and profound research of cancer.