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Objective: To investigate the common risk factors, clinical features and the impact of risk factors on the age of onset in young female patients with cerebral infarction. Methods: The clinical data of 260 young female patients with new cerebral infarction were analyzed retrospectively. The common risk factors and the impact of risk factors on the age of onset in young women with cerebral infarction were observed. Results: Circled digit oneAmong the 260 patients, 36-45 years were the majority (65.8%) and 18-25 years were the minority (11.5%). Their most common risk factors were hypertension (39. 2%), diabetes mellitus(14.6%) and hyperlipidemia (8.1%); followed by other risk factors, such as moyamoya disease (3.8%), patent foramen ovale (4.2%), hyperhomocysteinemia (3.5%), vasculitis (3.5%) and atrial fibrillation (3.5%). The incidence of hypertension increased with age (χ2 = 17. 573, P < 0.01), and patent foramen ovale decreased with age (χ2 =12.666, P<0.01). Circled digit twoThe TOAST criteria; cryptogenic type accounted for 31.2% (81/260); large-artery atherosclerotic type accounted for 26.9% (70/260); small-artery occlusion and other definitive cause types accounted for 16.5% (43/260) and 15.0% (39/260) respectively; and cardioembolic type accounted for 10.4% (27/260). Circled digit threeLogrank test analysis did not find that the age of stroke onset in patients with hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and atrial fibrillation was lower than the mean age; and the age (median age [95% CI]) of the occurrence of cerebral infarction in patients with atrial septal defect, patent foramen ovale and vasculitis were 26 (range 13-39), 29 (range 19-39), and 35 (range 33-37) years, respectively. They were lower than the average age of this group [39 years range 38-40] , all P < 0.05). Conclusion: The most common risk factors in young female patients with cerebral infarction are hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, moyamoya disease, and patent foramen ovale. Hyperhomocysteinemia and vasculitis also have a higher proportion. Among the patients with atrial septal defect, patent foramen ovale and vasculitis, the age of the occurrence of cerebral infarction is younger.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Oxidative stress such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation is thought to be an important mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an enzyme located on high-density lipoprotein, can prevent LDL from oxidation to some extent. It is also a potent cholinesterase inhibitor and an arylesterase, combating organophosphate poisoning and metabolization of environmental neurotoxins which might be responsible for neurodegeneration with aging. We evaluated the association of Gln192Arg polymorphism in the PON1 gene with AD in a Chinese Han ethnic population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients and age-matched controls were recruited from outpatient clinics and a population-based epidemiological survey, respectively. Gln192Arg polymorphism in the PON1 gene was detected by allele-specific PCR technique in 521 patients with AD and 578 healthy controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The presence of at least one of PON1 R alleles (Q/R or R/R) was lower in AD patients than in the controls (82.7% vs 87.4%; chi(2) = 4.68, P = 0.03). PON1 gene R allele frequency was lower in AD patients than in the controls (60.7% vs 64.7%; chi(2) = 3.85, P = 0.05). One-way ANOVA showed that PON1 genotype had no effect on the age of onset for developing AD. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated the age and sex-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the risk of AD in PON1 of PON1 R allele carriers was 0.71 (P = 0.044, 95% CI, 0.51 - 0.99).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results indicate that Gln192Arg polymorphism in the PON1 gene is associated with AD, and PON1 R allele might be a protective factor for AD in a Chinese Han ethnic population.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Alzheimer Disease , Genetics , Aryldialkylphosphatase , Genetics , China , Ethnology , Genotype , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the possible association between interleukin-1 alpha-889C/T (IL-1 alpha-889 C/T) polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Chinese Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 520 AD patients and 505 normal controls were enrolled. The polymorphism of IL-1 alpha-889C/T was detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Multiple logistic regression and chi square test were performed for statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of C/C, C/T, and T/T genotypes were 70.96%, 25.77%, and 3.27%, respectively, among AD patients, and 80.59%, 18.22%, and 1.19%, respectively, among non-dementia controls. In multivariate analysis, T/T and C/T genotypes of IL-1 alpha-889, age > or =65 years, and female were risk factors for AD. Adjusted for the age and sex, T/T and C/T genotypes were still associated with AD. The odds ratio for AD were 3.57 and 1.74 for individuals with T/T and C/T genotypes compared with individuals with C/C genotype. P value was 0. 019 and 0. 001, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The IL-1 alpha-889 T/T and C/T genotypes are likely to be susceptible factors for the development of AD in Chinese Han population. The susceptibility genotype, female, and age > or =65 years are risk factors for AD.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Age Factors , Alzheimer Disease , Genetics , Asian People , Genetics , Case-Control Studies , Gene Frequency , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Interleukin-1 , Genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Genetic , Risk Factors , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
0.05).Our data also showed no significant association between the genotypes and the severity of the disease.One-way ANOVA showed that BDNF genotype had no association to the age of onset for developing AD.Conclusions Our results indicate that Va166Met SNP in BDNF gene is not associated with AD.