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Due to the problems of language barriers and cultural differences existing in the current clinical practice teaching activities of overseas students, this study proposes to divide the oversea students and Chinese students into bilingual mixed groups in the ward rounds teaching. Through the selection of typical cases and the application of flipped classroom, the Chinese and English versions of learning materials related to disease are provided to the interns for learning in advance, and the oversea students and Chinese students are requested to complete the history and auxiliary examination data collection in Chinese and English in cooperation, and then the teacher leads the group to carry out ward rounds teaching, including bedside English history report, physical examination, case analysis, discussion and summary, so as to improve the participation enthusiasm of overseas students and also improve the teaching effects.
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Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in FGFR3 gene and the risk of breast cancer.Methods The frequency of SNP genotypes rs2234909 and rs3135848 of FGFR3 gene in premenopausal breast cancer patients and premenopausal normal fe-males were detected by multiple clonal extension SNP typing technique.The SNP genotypes were compared with different SNP genotypes and the risk of premenopausal breast cancer.Results There was no difference in the genotype frequencies of SNP rs 2234909 and rs3135848 between breast cancer and control groups(P>0.05).Lo-gistic regression analysis showed that there was no correlation between TC and TC +CC genotype and risk of breast cancer(OR=1.035,95% CI:0.680~1.575,P=0.874;OR=0.985,95% CI:0.638~1.521,P=0. 945).For the rs3135848 locus,the genotypes of TC,CC and TC+CC were not associated with the risk of breast cancer(OR=1.177,95%CI:0.846-1.636,P=0.333;OR=0.948,95% CI:0.287-3.137,P=0.931;OR=1.162,95%CI:0.548~1.112,P=0.360).Histological grade was significantly higher in breast cancer with rs2234909 mutation than that of the non-mutation group(dominant model:P=0.032,co-dominant model:P=0.024).The Ki67 index of FGFR3 gene locus rs2234909 mutation was higher than that of the non-mutation (dominant model:P=0.056;co-dominant model:P=0.044).There was no difference between rs3135848 mu-tation and both site mutation with clinicopathological features of breast cancer patients(P>0.05).Conclusion The SNP genotypes of rs2234909 and rs3135848 of FGFR3 gene were not associated with susceptibility to breast cancer in premenopausal women in North of China.Rs2234909 mutation was positively correlated with histological grade and Ki67 index in premenopausal breast cancer patients.
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Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in FGFR3 gene and the risk of breast cancer.Methods The frequency of SNP genotypes rs2234909 and rs3135848 of FGFR3 gene in premenopausal breast cancer patients and premenopausal normal fe-males were detected by multiple clonal extension SNP typing technique.The SNP genotypes were compared with different SNP genotypes and the risk of premenopausal breast cancer.Results There was no difference in the genotype frequencies of SNP rs 2234909 and rs3135848 between breast cancer and control groups(P>0.05).Lo-gistic regression analysis showed that there was no correlation between TC and TC +CC genotype and risk of breast cancer(OR=1.035,95% CI:0.680~1.575,P=0.874;OR=0.985,95% CI:0.638~1.521,P=0. 945).For the rs3135848 locus,the genotypes of TC,CC and TC+CC were not associated with the risk of breast cancer(OR=1.177,95%CI:0.846-1.636,P=0.333;OR=0.948,95% CI:0.287-3.137,P=0.931;OR=1.162,95%CI:0.548~1.112,P=0.360).Histological grade was significantly higher in breast cancer with rs2234909 mutation than that of the non-mutation group(dominant model:P=0.032,co-dominant model:P=0.024).The Ki67 index of FGFR3 gene locus rs2234909 mutation was higher than that of the non-mutation (dominant model:P=0.056;co-dominant model:P=0.044).There was no difference between rs3135848 mu-tation and both site mutation with clinicopathological features of breast cancer patients(P>0.05).Conclusion The SNP genotypes of rs2234909 and rs3135848 of FGFR3 gene were not associated with susceptibility to breast cancer in premenopausal women in North of China.Rs2234909 mutation was positively correlated with histological grade and Ki67 index in premenopausal breast cancer patients.
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Background and purpose:Pathogenic gene polymorphism may affect the function of gene, leading to the difference of individual tumor susceptibility and heterogeneity of bioactive substances in individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interrelationship betweenHER-2 gene polymorphism and its protein expression, and to evaluate their association with the clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer.Methods:The data from a total number of 303 female breast cancer patients of Han ethnicity were collected. The MassARRAY platform was used to examineHER-2 gene rs2517954 and rs2517955 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Meanwhile immunohistochemistry was used to detect HER-2 protein expression and corresponding estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), P53 and Ki-67 expressions in breast cancer tissues. Pearson chi-square test was used to study the relationship of the two loci and the protein expression, and their correlation with clinicopathological features of breast cancer was analyzed.Results:Under the codominant model,HER-2 gene rs2517954 and rs2517955 loci polymorphisms were associated with its protein expression (χ2=9.613,P=0.008;χ2=9.613,P=0.008). And under the dominant model,HER-2 gene rs2517955 loci TT homozygous and CT heterozygous mutant was associated with its protein expression (χ2=8.894,P=0.003). There were no signiifcant correlations betweenHER-2 gene rs2517954, and rs2517955 loci polymorphisms, and breast cancer patients’ clinical stage, tumor size, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, ER, PR, Ki-67 and P53 expressions (P>0.05).Conclusion:HER-2 gene rs2517955 loci polymorphism is correlated with its protein expression. Further studies may be helpful to elucidate the mechanism of HER-2 protein expression in breast cancer.
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Objectiv e To investigate the correlation between ( CAG) n repeat polymorphism of androgen receptor(AR)geneandmalebreastcancer.Methods 40casesofmalebreastcancerand40controlswerecol-lected.DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and the AR gene CAG coding exon sequences for PCR amplifica -tion,sequencing and calculated the number of CAG repeats frquency .χ2 test and Logistic regression analysis were used assess the AR gene CAG repeat length frequency affect the number of male breast cancer risk .Results There was statistically significant difference in male breast cancer cases and controls the number of CAG repeat length frequency.Man for whom the(CAG)n≥22 repeat sequence had 3.52 times risk of male breast compared (CAG)n≤22(OR=3.52,P=0.036).Conclusion AR gene CAG repeat length is a predictor of the frequency of male breast cancer risk .Longer CAG repeats can increase the risk of male breast cancer .
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Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3(FGFR3)plays important roles in cell proliferation,diffe rentiation,and angiogenesis.Recent studies have demonstrated that FGFR3 is associated with progression of breast cancer and has effects in endocrine therapy resistance breast cancer.It has also been showed that FGFR3 is correlated with breast cancer prognosis.
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Background and purpose:Breast cancer as one of the most common malignant tumor among women in China, it accounts for 12.2% of all newly diagnosed breast cancers and 9.6% of all deaths from breast cancer worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in 2q35rs13387042and 8q24 rs13281615and the risk of breast cancer in Han premenopausal women of Northern China. Methods:280 patients with breast cancer and 287 healthy controls in premenopausal state were genotyped for SNP 2q35rs13387042and 8q24 rs13281615 by the SNaPshot method, and compared the different genotypes and alleles with relation to breast cancer risk.Results:Differences of 2q35 rs13387042 genotype frequencies between breast cancer and control were signiifcantly different (P=0.017). No statistically signiifcant difference of 8q24 rs13281615 genotype frequencies between breast cancers and controls was found (P=0.967). The results of logistic regression showed that the carriers of GA genotype and GA+ AA genotype increased risk for breast cancer compared to the carriers with 2q35 rs13387042 GG genotype(OR=1.793, 95%CI: 1.177-2.733,P=0.007;OR=1.691, 95%CI: 1.122-2.550,P=0.012), but not the carriers of AA genotype; Compared with G allele, A allele signiifcantly increased the risk of breast cancer(OR= 1.505, 95%CI: 1.033-2.193,P=0.033). The carriers of AG genotype or GG genotype or AG+GG genotype did not confer risk for breast cancer compared to the carriers with 8q24 rs13281615 AA genotype(OR=0.992, 95%CI: 0.660-1.490,P=0.968;OR=1.047, 95%CI: 0.642-1.708,P=0.853;OR=1.007, 95%CI: 0.682-1.487,P=0.971); Compared with A allele, G allele did not increase the risk of breast cancer(OR=1.021, 95%CI: 0.809-1.288,P=0.863).Conclusion:This experiment veriifed that 2q35 rs13387042 polymorphism site increased risk of breast cancer susceptibility among Han premenopausal women of Northern China. There was not any signiifcant association between 8q24 rs13281615 poly-morphism site and breast cancer susceptibility among Han premenopausal women of Northern China under the current sampling scale.
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FGFR2 plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation and FGFR2 gene has its own genetic polymorphism. It has recently been demonstrated that this genetic polymorphism is associated with risk of development of breast cancer and clinically pathological factors