ABSTRACT
Thinking set is a special prepared mental state or subjective tendency created by previous activities .Different thinking modes are established by different cultures and culture-derived ideological and cognitive patterns , imperceptibly guiding people in their ways of language expression .The marked differences between oriental and western cultures give rise to a sharp distinction be -tween the Chinese and English languages in their expressions and syntactic structures .Viewing from the negative transfer of thinking set, this article presents a comparative analysis on the most common language problems in the English abstracts of medical papers by Chinese authors , focusing on four most typical aspects related to cultural difference and previous experience .
ABSTRACT
Constructivism,with critical assimilation of various teaching theories of the cognitive schools,has advanced a series of new ideas of learning and teaching,proposing that teaching is basically student-centered,cognition is the learner's active construction of knowledge based on his own existing schema,learning and cognition are fundamentally situated,and collaborative learning is of significant value to knowledge construction.The basic principles of constructival learning theory have positively influenced the teaching of foreign languages and particularly enlightened the reform of English teaching of the 7-year medical education program.According to the constructival approaches to teaching,it is of vital importance for English teachers of this program to adhere to student-centeredness,embed learning in virtual situations and establish definite learning objectives,so as to achieve the goal of the medical-elite-oriented program.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To summarize and analyze the disease characteristics of the patients in Chinese Level-II Hospital for UN Peacekeepers in Liberia,for offering some references to the pre-mission training of the successive contingents as well as the improvement of medical support to the peacekeeping mission.Methods:A statistical analysis was made of the case history of all the outpatients and inpatients received in Chinese Level-Ⅱ Hospital for UN Peacekeepers in Liberia from May 2004 to December 2005. Results:Out of the total of 7107 outpatients,2539(35.7%) were medical cases,1205(17.0%) surgical,1136(16.0%) dental,787(11.1%) dermatological and 763(10.7%) contagious cases.Malaria was the main type of contagious disease,which accounted for 86.1% of all the contagious cases.There were 39 cases of AIDS/HIV(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome / human immunodeficiency virus).Of the 453 inpatients,233(51.4%) were contagious and 166(36.7%) medical cases,and 185(40.8%) of the total number suffered from malaria.The average hospital stay was 5.2 days.Conclusion:Adequate drugs and equipments should be prepared for both common and special diseases in the peacekeeping mission area.During the pre-mission training at home,special emphasis should be laid on the prevention and treatment of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases,particularly on the diagnosis of and protection against AIDS.