Metabolic regulation of Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome and its role in renal diseases / 中华肾脏病杂志

In recent years, with the development of metabolic reprogramming research, people have changed their understanding of the biological effects of immune cells. Under the stimulation of inflammatory response, immune cells re-regulate their metabolism and bioenergetics, provide energy and substrates for cell survival, and initiate immune effect functions. Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, as an important component of the innate immune system, has been shown to sense metabolites such as uric acid and cholesterol crystals, and can be inhibited by metabolites such as ketones. It is also regulated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and glycolytic components (such as hexokinase). Recent studies have shown that a variety of metabolic pathways converge as effective regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome. The paper reviews the metabolic regulatory pathways and specificity of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and its role in renal diseases.

The aortic remodeling comparative study of contrast enhanced ultrasound and CT angiography in DeBakey type Ⅲ aortic dissection after thoracic endovascular aortic repair / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To compare the different features of contrast enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) and CT angiography (CTA) in abdominal aortic remodeling after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR)of DeBakey type Ⅲ aortic dissection(AD),and to investigate the application value of CEUS in the follow-up of DeBakey type Ⅲ AD after TEVAR.Methods CEUS was performed in 28 patients with DeBakey type Ⅲ AD after TEVAR,in which 8 cases type Ⅲ a (simple type) were not involved of abdominal aorta,20 cases Ⅲ b(complex type) were involved in the abdominal aorta,all patients were performed CTA examination of aorta.The functional and morphological changes of abdominal aortic remodeling were observed by two methods in DeBakey type Ⅲ AD after TEVAR.Results There was no new rupture of the abdominal aorta in 8 cases type Ⅲ a AD,but 20 cases of type Ⅲ b AD showed the situation of ruptures,thrombosis,trues and falses lumen after 3 months of follow-up.CEUS was less than CTA in detecting the number of ruptures (P＜0.05),CEUS and CTA results were similar in the measurement of true and false lumen diameter (P＞0.05),but CEUS clearly showed the hemodynamic characteristics of abdominal aortic intimal tear,the size and position of rupture,moving blood flow of rupture,and true or false lumen,which provided more accurate data for the long term abdominal aortic remodeling of DeBakey type Ⅲ AD after TEVAR.Conclusions CEUS and aortic CTA can play a complementary role in DeBakey type Ⅲ AD after TEVAR of long-term follow-up,it is worth promoting.

Investigation and Analysis of Perioperative Prophylactic Use of Antibiotics in Thoracic Surgery Depart-ment of 7 Hospitals in Nantong City after the Implementation of Special Rectification / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the perioperative prophylactic use of antibiotics in thoracic surgery department of 7 hos-pitals in Nantong city,and to provide reference for rational drug use in clinic. METHODS:In retrospective study,6652 dis-charged patients with thoracic surgery were selected from 7"third-level hospitals"of Nantong city during 2015-2016. The gender, age,length of stay,preoperative medication,medication timing,classification of incision,operation time,drug name,usage and dosage,route of administration,drug combination and prognosis were analyzed statistically. According to the relevant regulations of special rectification and the principle of perioperative antibiotics use,the rationality of antibiotics use was evaluated. RE-SULTS:Among 6652 patients,there were 2761 cases of typeⅠincision and 3891 cases of typeⅡincision. All of them used anti-biotics. Primary prophylactic time was 0.5-2 h before operation in 5282 cases,accounting for 79.40％;1370 cases were given medicine more than 2 h before surgery or after surgery,accounting for 20.60％. Totally 1070 cases received prophylactic medica-tion within 48 h,accounting for 16.09％;5582 cases received prophylactic medication more than 48 h,accounting for 83.91％. A total of 5702 cases were given only one antibiotic,and 950 cases received two-drug combination. A total of 6342 patients used an-tibiotics irrationally,accounting for 95.34％. Eight categories 15 kinds of antibiotics were involved. β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibi-tors,fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins were mostly used. CONCLUSIONS:After the implementation of special rectification, there are still many irrational phenomena in the prophylactic use of antibiotics in thoracic surgery department of 7 hospitals in Nan-tong city. Some indexes exceed the national standard and still need to be further managed and improved.

Evaluating Vascular Remodeling After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Aortic Dissection by Color Doppler and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To evaluate the abdominal aortic remodeling in both morphology and hemodynamic changes before and after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for aortic dissection (AD) of DeBakey type Ⅲ by using color Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound,in order to provide a novel imaging method for clinical treatment in addition to aortic computed tomography angiography (CTA).Materials and Methods Thirty patients with complicate AD of Debakey type Ⅲ were recruited.The abdominal vessels of patients were examined by color Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasound at different times including before TEVAR operation,and 1 day,1 month after operation.The size of true and false lumen,hemodynamic characteristics,thrombosis in false lumen,distal tear sites and blood supply of vital organs were analyzed combined with CTA results.Results The diameter and maximal blood flow velocity of true lumen at abdominal aorta 1 day,1 month after operation were significantly increased compared with those before operation (P＜0.05),but the diameter and maximal velocity of false lumen after operation were significantly decreased compared with those before operation (P＜0.05).The blood supply of affected organs had no significant difference before and after operation (all P＞0.05).The vessel diameter measurements were similar to those of CTA (P＞0.05).Conclusion Color Doppler imaging combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound is a simple,reproducible method to evaluate the vascular remodeling in hemodynamics and morphology after TEVAR for complicate AD of DeBakey type Ⅲ,which can overcome the shortage of previous assessment only in morphology.

Identification of metabolites of Radix Paeoniae Alba extract in rat bile, plasma and urine by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry / 药物分析学报

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was developed to identify the absorbed parent components and metabolites in rat bile, plasma and urine after oral administration of Radix Paeoniae Alba extract (RPAE). A total of 65 compounds were detected in rat bile, plasma and urine samples, including 11 parent compounds and 54 metabolites. The results indicated that glucuronidation, hydroxylation and methylation were the major metabolic pathways of the components of RPAE. Furthermore, the results of this work demonstrated that UPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with MetaboLynx? software and mass defect filtering (MDF) could provide unique high throughput capabilities for drug metabolism study, with excellent MS mass accuracy and enhanced MSE data acquisition. With the MSE technique, both precursor and fragment mass spectra can be simultaneously acquired by alternating between high and low collision energy during a single chromatographic run.

Gastroprotective Effects of Ascaridole on Gastric Ulcer in Rats / 中草药·英文版

ObjectiveTo evaluate the gastroprotective activity of ascaridole.MethodsThe gastroprotective effect of ascaridole was evaluated on ulcer healing in rats with acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer,pylorus ligation- and Aspirininduced gastric ulcer.Ascaridole was ig administered with the dosages of 10 and 20 mg/kg once daily for 7 d.Results Ascaridole showed the significant anti-ulcer effects.In acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer rats,the ulcer areas after 10 and 20 mg/kg of ascaridole treatment were (65.1 ± 20.0) and (50.6 ± 11.0) mm2,respectively,which were significant lower (P ＜ 0.01) than that of the control group [(116.7 ± 35.8) mm2].For pylorus ligation model,ascaridole showed a gastric ulcer healing effect in a dose-dependent manner.Ascaridole at the dose of 20 mg/kg showed 50％ ulcer protection and had a significant (P ＜ 0.05) gastroprotective activity since it decreased the total acidity and pepsin activity.Compared to the control group,the two dosages of ascaridole showed the significant reduction (P ＜ 0.05) in the ulcer index on Aspirin-induced ulcer.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that ascaridole shows potential efficacy on the healing of gastric ulcers induced by acetic acid,Aspirin,and pylorus ligation.

A marine anthraquinone SZ-685C inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in GH3 cells / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To explore the effect of SZ-685C on rat pituitary adenoma GH3 cell line.Methods MTT method evaluated its effect of proliferation and inhibitory concentration 50 (IC5o) on GH3 cells,after treated by 0,2.5,5.0,7.5,10.0,12.5,15.0,17.5,20.0 and 30.0 μmol/L SZ-685C for 48 h,GH3 cells were changed to complete medium for 12 d,crystal violet staining was used to investigate colony formation; microscopy and Hoechst 33342 staining assay observed whether the changes of morphological as the result of apoptosis,then detected cell apoptosis by flow cytometry.Results SZ-685C had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on GH3 cell proliferation and IC50 was (12.9 ± 0.47) μmol/L,MEF(considered as a control group) had little affect in cell proliferation on the concentration of IC50.Inhibitory effects persisted even on removal of SZ- 685C after 12 d,and SZ-685C blocked colony formation ability of pituitary tumor cells.Apoptotic morphological observation of microscope and Hoechst 33342 staining proved apoptosis during treatment of SZ-685C,flow cytometry detection showed that SZ-685C induces 36.4％ of apoptosis,while only 2.0％ in control group.Conclusion SZ-685C inhibits pituitary tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.SZ-685C can be a new anti-patuitary tumor drug for a further study.

Establishment of quality control system for domestic hepatitis C diagnostic reagents / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the quality of domestic hepatitis C diagnostic reagents objectively,and to build up the quality control systems for assessment of hepatitis Cdiagnostic reagents.Methods4080 serum samples from blood donors were collected and detected with EIA kits.146anti-HCV positive and negative samples were selected and tested repeatedly by two different imported ( Murex and Ortho) and domestic anti-HCV EIA kits(InTec,ZHONGSHAN BIO-TECH,WANTAI and KHB),then confirmed by CHIRON RIBA HCV 3.0 and PCR qualitative reagents.The samples were tested by nucleic acid quantitative assay and the RNA positive samples were detected by genotyping reagents.ResultsThe quality control systems of diagnostic reagents of anti-HCV and HCV RNA were constructed.Each quality control system was consisted of 50 samples,including 20 anti-HCV/HCV RNA positive,20 anti-HCV/HCV RNA negative and 10 diluted specimens for sensitivity evaluation.The positive samples with dominant HCV genotypes in China contained strong,moderate and weak positive samples.The negative samples involved those S/CO value ( signal-to-cutoff ratios ) close to threshold.Conclusion The quality control systems established in this study are suitable for assessment of the new and improved domestic hepatitis C diagnostic reagents.

Simultaneous Determination of Silybin A and Silybin B in Rat Plasma and Pharmacokinetic Study / 中草药·英文版

Objective To investigate the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of silybin A and silybin B in rats,respectively.Methods Following iv and ig administration of silybin to 20 Wistar rats,the plasma samples were collected at different time points up to 12 h.Sample pretreatment was involved in one-step protein precipitation with acetonitrile.Silybin A and silybin B were simultaneously determined by LC-MS/MS.Results After ig dosing silybin 28,56,and 112 mg/kg to rats,the t1/2β values were 5.48,5.08,and 5.73 h for silybin A,and 4.56,4.12,and 5.53 h for silybin B; The Cmax were 674.3,1349.4,and 2042.5 ng/mL for silybin A,and 671.0,1365.4,and 2066.2 ng/mL for silybin B; The Tmax were 0.20,0.23,and 0.20 h for silybin A,and 0.20,0.23,and 0.20 h for silybin B; The AUC were 454.4,845.9,and 1219.5 h·ng/mL for silybin A,and 432.0,817.1,and 1153.6 h·ng/mL for silybin B.The absolute bioavailabilities of silybin A and silybin B were 2.86％ and 1.93％,respectively.Conclusion Silybin A and silybin B have very low bioavailability after ig administration,and there is no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters between silybin A and silybin B,which indicates that the two diastereoisomers have similar pharmacokinetic behavior in rats.

Percutaneous permeability study for patches Shangshi Zhitong on different kinds of bases / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the percutaneous permeability of patches Shangshi Zhitong on different kinds of bases with the permeation percentage of brucine, strychnine and atropine.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using modified Franz difusion to investigate the penetration quantity of brucine, strychnine and atropine. The contents of brucine, strychnine and atropine were determined by HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The average accumulative permeation percentage of brucine, strychnine and atropine on new base were 53.25%, 74.52% were 34.32%, respectively, and on old base are 54.90%, 50.24%, 46. 54%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The new base benefits the lipophilic drugs and releases more stably.</p>

Status, Opportunities and Challenges for the Regulation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Canada / 国际中医中药杂志

It has been 4 years since Natural Health Products Regulations(NHPRs)was enforced by Health Canada in January of 2004.In the past time,how will it affect the marketed Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCM) in Canadian market? Recently,The two TCM products Carditionic Pill (Fufang Danshen Diwan)and Chaihu Pill from Tasly have been newly certificated by Health Canada recently.Taking them as examples,this article introduces the current status.opportunities and challenges for the regulation of TCM in Canada.and suggests that the domestic TCM corporations push the product registration as soon as possible.

Study on pharmacokinetics of silibinin capsule in Chinese healthy volunteers / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of silibinin in Chinese healthy volunteers.Methods Nine Chinese male healthy volunteers were divided into receiving orally a single dose of silibinin capsule corresponded 70,140 and 280 mg of silibinin,respectively,in Latin square design study.After administration of silibinin capsule,the plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC with UV detection.The pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by Topfit 2.0 program.Results The linearity of this method was found to be from 3.125 to 10 000 μg·L~(-1) with a lower limit of quantitation(LLOQ) of 3.125 μg·L~(-1) for silibinin.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated as the follows:at the three different dosages(70,140 and 280 mg),T_(1/2) was 2.44,2.38 and 2.47 h;C_(max) was 1135.6,2841.1 and 3946.9 μg·L~(-1);T_(max) was 1.35,1.26 and 1.39 h;AUC_(0-11 h) was 1287.2,3337.8 and 5398.5 μg·h·L~(-1);AUC_(0-∞)was 1300.7,3377.1 and 5453.9 μg·h·L~(-1);CL/F was 1062.1,824.7 and 943.2 ml·min~(-1);And V_d was 219.9,167.1 and 212.0 L,respectively.Conclusions The developed method is shown to be sensitive,accurate and simple,and can satisfy the requirement of pharmacokinetic study of silibinin in human.The C_(max),AUC_(0-11 h) and AUC_(0-∞) of silibinin in Chinese healthy volunteers(in ranges of 40～120 mg)are fitted with non-linear kinetic model,while there are no significant differences in T_(1/2) at the three different dosages.

The analysis of the complete genome sequence of swine hepatitis E virus isolate swGX32 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To analyze the complete genome sequence of Guangxi HEV isolate swGX32 and to compare it with other HEV isolates. Methods The overlapping fragments of HEV isolate swGX32 were amplified with reverse-transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR),and the 5′ and 3′ ends of viral genome were amplified with rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The sequence and phylogenetic analysis of swGX32 was performed. Results The genome of swGX32 consisted of 7240 nt excluding the polyA tail, with 4 nt overlapping between ORF1 and ORF2. ORF3 is contained in the sequence of ORF2. The complete genome sequence of swGX32 shared identity of 73%-74%, 73%, 74%-75%,83%-94% with HEV genotype 1,2,3 and 4, respectively. Among all these HEV reference sequences, swGX32 showed the highest identity with the human isolate JKO-ChiSai98C (94%). Phylogenetic tree showed that swGX32 belonged to genotype 4 and clustered with JKO-ChiSai98C in the branch of HEV subtype 4a. Conclusion The swine HEV isolate swGX32 is closely related to human strain JKO-ChiSai98C genetically and phylogenetically, which further provides molecular biology evidence of hepatitis E as a zoonosis.

Purification and characterization of non-fusion recombinant human interleukin-18 expressed in E. coli / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To develop the purification method of rhIL 18 expressed in E coli Methods The harvested cells were disrupted using lysozyme and sonication The rhIL 18 inclusion bodies were extracted by centrifugation Washed inclusion bodies were solubilized in 8 mol/L urea The solubilized inclusion bodies were first purified by ion exchange chromatography under denaturing conditions After renaturation, gel filtration chromatography was used for further purification Samples were analyzed by SDS PAGE, HPLC, Western blotting and N terminal amino acid sequencing The biological activity of purified rhIL 18 was also measured Results It was found that rhIL 18 was expressed intracellularly in E coli as insoluble inclusion bodies The purity of rhIL 18 in extracted inclusion bodies was above 80% The final purified rhIL 18 was of high purity and exhibited the mass of molecule 19?10 3 by SDS PAGE The sequence of 15 amino acid residues form NH2 terminus of the purified rhIL 18 was consistent with the predicted sequence The purified rhIL 18 also induced IFN ? production of Con A stimulated human PBMC Conclusion The established method for purifying rhIL 18 is simple and effective and might be useful in the development of the large scaled purification process of rhIL 18

THE MECHANISMS OF IBMX AND CPT-cAMP ON THE REGENERATION OF RGCs / 解剖学报

Objective Use three inhibitors to block three different signaling pathway to explore the mechanisms of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine(IBMX) and 8 (4 Chlorophenylthio) cAMP(CPT-cAMP) on the regeneration of retinal ganglion cells. Method Fluorescent retrogratde tracing method and quantitative anatomical techniques were used to measure the numbers of RGCs in control one,control two group and experiment groups. Results 1

EFFECTS OF CPT-cAMP ON THE REGENERATION OF THE RETINAL GANGLION CELLS IN ADULT HAMSTERS / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the effects of transplantation of sciatic nerve(SN) and injection of 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-cAMP(CPT-cAMP) into the viteous on axotomized retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) in adult hamsters. Methods Twenty adult golden hamsters were ramdomly divided into 4 groups.Optic nerve(ON) was transected and a segment of autologous sciatic nerve(attached graft,AG) was removed and sutured to the proximal stump of ON in regenerating control group(AG group).The animals in experimental groups were further treated with CPT-cAMP injection and/or implantation of a short of segment sciatic nerve(SN) intravitrously.Fluorescent retrograde labeling method and quantitative anatomical techniques were used to measure the number of RGCs. Results 1.In control (AG) retinas,the mean number of regenerating RGCs was 1*!428?284/retina.2.In AG+SN group,the mean number of regenerating RGCs was 2*!220?415/retina.3.In AG+cAMP group,the mean number of regenerating RGCs was 2*!175?364/retina.4.The mean number of regenerating RGCs in AG+cAMP+SN group were 4*!255?820/retina.AG+SN,AG+cAMP groups were significantly different from AG group(P

Screening of Phage Display Peptide Libraries Using ComplexBiological Systems as Selector Targets / 生物化学与生物物理进展

During recent years, some new methods for phage display panning have been developed by using complex biological systems instead of purified antigens, antibodies or receptors as selector targets. These complex biological systems include living cells, viruses, mouse tissues and tumors etc. The peptides identified by using tumors as selector molecules can selectively home to blood vessels of experimental tumors and may have potential applications in targeted anti-tumor treatment.

Study on Determination Methods for Dissolution of Oxytetracycline Tablets / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a determination method for dissolution of oxytetracycline tablets. METHODS:The content of oxytetracycline was determined by UV spectrophotometry at detection wavelength of 271 nm. Dissolution of oxytetracycline tablets was detected by slurry process using 0.01 mol?L-1 hydrochloric solution as solvent. RESULTS:The linear range of oxytetracycline was 4～32 IU?mL-(1r=0.999 9)with an average recovery of 100.1%(RSD=0.65%). The dissolution in 45 min were all above 75%. CONCLUSION:Established method in this study can be used to determine dissolution of oxytetracycline tablets.

Differentiation of neural stem cells after transplanted into vitreous and the effects on the regeneration of retina ganglion cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) after transplanted into vitreous and the effects on the regeneration of retina ganglion cells (RGCs) after optic nerve microcrushed.METHODS: After optic nerve microcrushed in adult rat, 2?104/2 ?L NSCs or 2 ?L 0.1 mol/L PBS was injected into vitreous. Animals were divided into control group (MC group, MC+PBS group) and experiment group (MC+NSCs). Animals in each group were allowed to survive for 3, 4, 5 weeks, respectively. The regenerating RGCs were labeled retrogradely with granular blue, and the numbers of regenerating RGCs in each retina were observed under fluorescent microscope. In addition after 5 animals in MC+NSCs group survived for 4 weeks, rat eyeballs were removed and prepared as freezing microtome sections for observing the migration of NSCs and NF, GFAP, CNP immumodetection.RESULTS: Compared the mean numbers of regenerating RGCs between experiment group and control group at 3, 4, 5 weeks, the difference was significant (P

ADR Monitoring—One of the Important Contents of Clinical Pharmacy / 中国药房

A pilot study for setting up an ADR monitoring and reporting system had been carried out in 14 hospitals located in 5 provinces and municipalities of China during 1988 to 1990. According to the situation of the pilot study,this article discusses some problems related to ADR monitoring,such as the duality of medicines, reasons of ADRs,gravity of ADR risk, factors influencing the developing of ADRs, causality assessment, some points for attention in ADR monitoring, advantages and disadvantages of spontaneous reporting system, pharmacoepidemiology, etc.