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Objective To study the immune regulation of Galectin-9 on the active CD4+T cells and demonstrate the mechanisms.Methods Lymphocytes were harvested from wild-type C57BL/6 mouse,from which na(i)ve CD4+T cells were separated via MACS and then stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody(Ab) (2.5 μg/ml),anti-CD28 Ab(5 μg/ml) and IL-2(100 ng/ml) for 3 days.The active CD4+T cells were divided into 3 groups:Control group,Galectin-9 group and Galectin-9+α-lactose group.We detected the cell proliferation level by CFSE fluorescence intensity and then dynamically observed the cell morphological changes.The proportion of CD4+CD69+T cell,Th1,Th2 and Th17 cell was valued; Meanwhile,ELISA was used to detect the cytokine levels of IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-10,IL-12,IL-17A and TGF-β1 secreted by lymphocytes.Also Western blot was used to observe the changes of T cell differentiation regulatory protein such as T-bet,GATA-3 and ROR-γt.Results Compared with control group and Galectin-9+α-lactose group,in Galectin-9 group,the cell morphology began to change at 2 h.Moreover the proportions of CD4+CD69+ T cell,Th1 and Th17 cells decreased (P＜0.05),but no significant differences in Th2 cells.The level of IFN-γ,IL-12,IL-17A and TGF-β1 from the supernatant decreased (P＜0.05),while Th2-type cytokines IL-4 and IL-1O did not change.In addition,the expressions of T-bet and ROR-γt were significantly down-regulated (P＜0.05).Conclusion Galectin-9 inhibited Th1 and Th17-type immune response,while had no effect on Th2-type immune response.The mechanism of the immune regulation may be related to affect the expression of Th1 and Th17 specific transcription factors at transcription level.
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Objective To examine the effect of mycophenolic acid(MPA)on mesangial cell(MC)proliferation and on expressions of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)induced by high glucose.Methods The proliferation activity of mesangial cells incubated for 24h,48h and 72h in different concentrations of MPA was observed by MTT assay.The expressions of TGF-β and CTGF were measured by Western blot.Results MPA inhibited the MC proliferation and expressions of TGF-β and CTGF induced by high glucose.Conclusions MPA decreases the release of extracellular matrix by inhibiting the MC proliferation and expressions of TGF-β and CTGF,and subsequently slows the development of glomerulosclerosis in diabetic nephropathy.
ABSTRACT
The effects of mycophenolic acid (MPA) on high glucose-induced expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in mesangial cells (MC) were investigated. Rat MC were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of MPA (1.0 and 10.0 micromol/L) or MPA plus high glucose for 72 h. The expression of TGF-beta and CTGF was detected by Western blot. The results showed that high glucose could induce the expression of TGF-beta and CTGF in MC, but MPA could inhibit this effects. MPA did not influence the expression of TGF-beta and CTGF in normal glucose. It was concluded that MPA might prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the expression of TGF-beta and CTGF in MC.
ABSTRACT
The effects of mycophenolic acid (MPA) on high glucose-induced expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in mesangial cells (MC) were investigated. Rat MC were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of MPA (1.0 and 10.0 μmol/L) or MPA plus high glucose for 72 h. The expression of TGF-β and CTGF was detected by Western blot. The results showed that high glucose could induce the expression of TGF-β and CTGF in MC, but MPA could inhibit this effects. MPA did not influence the expression of TGF-β and CTGF in normal glucose. It was concluded that MPA might prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the expression of TGF-β and CTGF in MC.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe and probe into the effects and mechanism of action of calcium dobesilate on the con?tents of vasoactive substances in the remnant kidneys of rats with chronic renal failure.METHODS:The rats were randomly divided into sham operation,model and calcium dobesilate therapy group.Except the sham operation group,the rest two groups underwent nephrectomy and were established as chronic renal failure models.One week later either drink water or calcium dobesilate were irrigated into the stomachs of the rats in all three groups.And the effects of calcium dobesilate on renal function,contents of part vasoactive substances and the renal pathological changes of remnant kidney were examined.RESULTS:In calcium dobesilate therapy group,urine protein decreased,and the renal function improved,as compared with the model group.The contents of Thromboxane A 2 in the renal cortex significantly decreased and the pathological changes of remnant kidney lessen significantly.CONCLUSIONS:Calcium dobesilate may protect kidney by decreasing the content of Thromboxane A 2 in the remnant kidney.
ABSTRACT
Objective To examine the effect of mycophenolic acid(MPA)on mesangial cell(MC)proliferation and on expressions of transforming growth factor-?(TGF-?)and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)induced by high glucose.Methods The proliferation activity of mesangial cells incubated for 24h,48h and 72h in different concentrations of MPA was observed by MTT assay.The expressions of TGF-? and CTGF were measured by Western blot.Results MPA inhibited the MC proliferation and expressions of TGF-? and CTGF induced by high glucose.Conclusions MPA decreases the release of extracellular matrix by inhibiting the MC proliferation and expressions of TGF-? and CTGF,and subsequently slows the development of glomerulosclerosis in diabetic nephropathy.