ABSTRACT
As a highly malignant tumor, the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is often late and the prognosis is poor for which the early symptoms are atypical and the lack of accurate biomarkers. Metabolomics is an emerging science that researches the alterations of all endogenous small molecule metabolites in an organism under the influence of pathological, physiological or genetic modification. The development and progress of CCA is closely related to metabolism. Metabolomic is characterized by global analysis, high throughput and reflects real-time alterations in biology system, providing a new avenue for biomarker screening and diseases diagnosis and treatment. The advances of metabolomics studies on CCA in the recent years were reviewed in this paper which could provide the reference for further research.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the association of cysteine aspartic acid specific protease 8 (CASP 8) gene-652 6N Insertion/Deletion polymorphisms and susceptibility of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods CASP 8 gene -652 6N I/D polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing in 414 controls and 410 patients with T2DM. Results I/I, I/D and D/D genotype frequency were 56.5%, 38.9%, 4.6%in controls and 58.0%, 32.9%, 9.0%in T2DM group respectively (P<0.05). The risk in D/D genotype people was 1.916 times than I/I genotype (adjusted OR=1.916, 95%CI=1.199~3.054, P<0.05). The fasting blood sugar of D/D genotype people was significantly higher than that of I/D and I/I genotype people (P<0.05). Conclusions CASP 8 gene-652 6N I/D polymorphisms are associated with T2DM outbreak.