ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of treating somatoform pain disorder(SPD)with electroacupuncture(EA)at the Governor and Conception Vessel points plus duloxetine.Methods:Eighty-two SPD patients were randomly allocated to an observation group and a control group,with 41 cases in each group.The control group was intervened by oral administration of duloxetine hydrochloride enteric capsules at a dose of 60 mg per time once a day;based on the medication,the observation group received additional EA treatment by selecting points from the Governor and Conception Vessels.Clinical efficacy was evaluated after 8 weeks of treatments;changes in the scores of the short-form McGill pain questionnaire(SF-MPQ),self-report symptom inventory,symptom check list-90(SCL-90),Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),and generic quality of life inventory-74(GQOLI-74)were also compared.Results:After the intervention,the observation group surpassed the control group in comparing the total effective rate(P＜0.05).The SF-MPQ score,SCL-90 somatization score,and PSQI score dropped notably in both groups after treatment,and the intra-group differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);the three scores were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05).The GQOLI-74 score got an increase in each dimension in both groups after treatment,and the intra-group differences were also statistically significant(P＜0.05);the GQOLI-74 dimension scores were all significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:For patients with SPD,combining EA at the Governor and Conception Vessel points and duloxetine hydrochloride enteric capsules can markedly improve their clinical symptoms and quality of life.
ABSTRACT
The pretreatment of raw materials is necessary for ethanol production from lignocellulose, however, a variety of compounds which inhibit the fermenting microorganism such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae are inevitably formed in this bioprocess. Based on their chemical properties, the inhibitors are usually divided into three major groups: weak acids, furaldehydes and phenolic compounds. These compounds negatively affect the growth of S. cerevisiae, ethanol yield and productivity, which is one of the significant hurdles for the development of large-scale ethanol production from lignocellulose. We address here the origins of the three kinds of inhibitors and their mechanisms to S. cerevisiae. We also discuss the strategies of improving the fermentation performance of yeast, including detoxification of the pretreated substrates, enhancement of yeast tolerance and also fermentation control to reduce the effects of the inhibitors. The methods used in enhancing the yeast tolerance are traditional mutagenic breeding integrated with strains evolution under the suitable selective pressure, and metabolic engineering by introducing and/or overexpressing genes encoding enzymes such as furfural reductase, laccase and phenylacrylic acid decarboxylase, that confer the S. cerevisiae strains resistance towards specific inhibitors.
Subject(s)
Acids , Pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Ethanol , Metabolism , Fermentation , Furaldehyde , Pharmacology , Lignin , Metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To construct prokaryotic recombinant expression plasmid carrying Pneumocystis carinii Mr 55 000 antigen(p55) gene fragment and express the recombinant protein. Methods P. carinii pneumonia(PcP) rat models were established by subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone for 14 weeks. Total RNA was extracted from lung of P. carinii rat and p55 antigen gene fragment was cloned by RT-PCR,which was identified by sequencing. The 690 bp fragment was cloned to pGEX-4T-1,the recombinant plasmid was screened and identified by restriction analysis and PCR. The recombinant plasmid was finally induced with IPTG to express a new fusion protein,and the products were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results A fragment of 690 bp was obtained by RT-PCR. The recombinant pGEX-4T-1/690 was constructed. SDS-PAGE revealed that the molecular weight of the recombinant protein was approximately Mr 62 000,the maximum amount of the fusion protein produced was 11.6% of the total protein. The recombinant protein can be recognized by GST antibody and by the sera from P. carinii infected rats using Western blotting. Conclusion Prokaryotic expression plasmid pGEX-4T-1/690 has been constructed and the recombinant fusion protein shows antigenicity.