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Objective:To study the effects of FLASH irradiation (FLASH-RT) and conventional irradiation (CONV-RT) on gene expression profile in mouse liver, in order to provide theoretical basis of the potential mechanism of FLASH-RT.Methods:A total of 11 C57BL/6J male mice were divided into healthy control group (Ctrl group), CONV-RT group and FLASH-RT group according to random number table method. Mouse abdomen was treated with 12 Gy CONV-RT or FLASH-RT. Then the mice were killed by neck removal, and the liver tissues were collected to extract total RNA for transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) that was then analyzed by bio-informatics analysis to investigate the changes of gene expression profiles. The mRNA expression levels of Stat1, Irf9 and Rela were verified by quantitative real-time PCR assay.Results:1 762 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in group FLASH-RT vs. CONV-RT. Among them, 660 genes were up-regulated and 1 102 genes were down-regulated. 1 918 DEGs were identified in groups FLASH-RT vs. Ctrl. Among them, 728 genes were up-regulated and 1 190 genes were down-regulated. 1 569 DEGs were identified in group CONV-RT vs. Ctrl. Among them, 1 046 genes were up-regulated and 523 genes were down-regulated. According to Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, these DEGs from groups FLASH-RT vs. CONV-RT were involved in various functions including defense response to virus, other organisms in cell components, adenylyltransferase activity in molecular function activity. These DEGs from group FLASH-RT vs. Ctrl were involved in various functions including defense response to other oranisms, endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex, double-stranded RNA binding and so on. These DEGs from group FLASH-RT vs. CONV-RT were involved in several Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways including influenza A, Herpes simplex infection and so on. These DEGs from group FLASH-RT vs. Ctrl were involved in several KEGG pathways including influenza A, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Stat1 was likely to be activated by FLASH radiation. The quantitative real-time PCR assay showed that FLASH-RT obviously increased the mRNA expressions of Stat1, Irf9 and Rela ( t=6.62, 2.11, 1.67, P<0.05). Conclusions:FLASH-RT and CONV-RT could alter gene expression profiles in mouse liver tissues, and these DEGs are involved in multiple radiobiological functional pathways. In comparison with CONV-RT, FLASH-RT induces a low level of liver injury, which may due to hypoxia radiation resistance.
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ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Qinggan Jianpi Huoxue prescription（QGJPHXP） on the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages in rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride（CCl4）. MethodA rat hepatic fibrosis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 40% CCl4-olive oil suspension twice a week at the dosage of 2.0 mL·kg-1 for 8 weeks. After the model was successfully established， these rats were randomly divided into the model group， QGJPHXP group（32.084 g·kg-1） and Biejiajian pills（BJJP） group（0.925 5 g·kg-1）， with 12 rats in each group. The blank group was injected intraperitoneally with the same amount of olive oil. The rats in the administration groups were given the corresponding solution according to the dose， and the blank and model groups were given the same dose of purified water， once a day. After 4 weeks of continuous administration， the liver tissues of rats were taken and stained with hematoxylin-eosin（HE） and Masson to observe the pathological changes. The serums were collected to detect the alanine aminotransferase（ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase（AST） levels. Interleukin（IL）-6， IL-12， IL-10， IL-1β， transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1） and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） levels in liver tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The expression levels of CD86 and CD206 were detected by immunohistochemistry（IHC）. Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS）， arginase-1（Arg-1）， phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase（p-p38 MAPK）， nuclear transcription factor-κB p65（NF-κB p65） in liver tissues of rats. ResultCompared with the blank group， the hepatic cell plate was irregularly arranged, and local inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous hyperplasia were observed， while the serum levels of ALT and AST were significantly increased in the model group（P<0.01）， and IL-1β， IL-6， IL-12， TGF-β1， TNF-α， CD86， CD206， iNOS， p-p38 MAPK，p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 levels in liver tissues were obviously increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the levels of IL-10 and Arg-1 were obviously decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， QGJPHXP group reduced the degree of liver cell fibrosis，and serum levels of ALT and AST（P<0.01）， and IL-1β， IL-6， IL-12， TGF-β1， TNF-α， CD86， iNOS， p-p38 MAPK， p38 MAPK， and NF-κB p65 levels in liver tissues were obviously decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the levels of IL-10， CD206 and Arg-1 were obviously increased in the QGJPHXP group（P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionQGJPHXP has ability to inhibit the activation of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages， induce the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines by M2 macrophages， reduce the release of pro-fibrogenic cytokines， and promote the macrophage polarization of M1 to M2 in liver for tissue repair， thereby serving as an anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatic fibrosis drug.
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Objective:To investigate the clinicopathologic features and molecular genetics characteristics of sinonasal tract mucosal malignant melanomas(STMMMs)in elderly patients.Methods:The clinicopathological features, immunohistochemical features and BRAF, C-KIT, NRAS mutations of STMMM in ten elderly patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 10 patients, 5 were female and 5 were male.The patients were aged 65-81 years, with an average age of(72.5 ± 8.5)years.The lesions in 7 cases were located in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and in the other 3 cases were located in the nasopharynx.The morphologies of tumor cells under microscope was complex and diverse, showing plasma cell-like, rhabdomyoblast-like, small cell-like, epithelial-like, and spindle cell-like morphologies.Immunohistochemically, HMB-45 and S-100 were generally positive in 10 cases, and the positive rate of Melan A was 70.0%.The genes detection data showed no mutations in BRAF or NRAS genes in all the 10 cases, while C-KIT exon 11 c. 1666_1667insA mutation was found in one case, and the remaining 9 cases were wild-type for C-KIT.All the 10 cases were followed up for 4~50 months.Three cases survived so far.Conclusions:STMMM in elderly patients are rare and easy to be misdiagnosed.Immunohistochemistry and genetic testing provide guidance for accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect of berberine （BER） on the invasion and migration of human renal carcinoma cells and its potential mechanism. METHODS Using human renal carcinoma OSRC-2 cell as object， alamarBlue assay was adopted to detect the inhibitory effects of 0 （control group）， 25， 50， 75， 100， 125， 150， 175 and 200 μmol/L BER on the proliferation of OSRC-2 cell after treatment for 24 h and 48 h. After treated with 0（control group）， 50， 100 μmol/L BER for 48 h， the effect of BER on cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. The migration of OSRC-2 cells in 24 h and 36 h was observed by cell scratch test， and the invasion ability of OSRC-2 cells in 24 h was detected by Transwell assay. The protein expression of methyltransferase-like 3 （METTL3） was detected by Western blot after treatment for 48 h， and RNA methylation quantification kit was used to detect the levels of N6-methyladenosine （m6A） in OSRC-2 cells. RESULTS Compared with control group， BER at different concentrations could significantly decrease the survival rate of OSRC-2 cells （P＜0.01）， and showed a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. After 48 h of BER treatment at 50， 100 μmol/L， the cell was arrested in G0/G1 phase （P＜0.01）. Compared with control group， the migration and invasion abilities of cells in 50， 100 μmol/L BER group were significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the protein expression of METTL3 and the level of m6A in RNA were significantly decreased （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS BER can inhibit level of m6A by down-regulating the expression of METTL3， thereby inhibiting the invasion and metastasis of human renal carcinoma cells.
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Objective: To investigate whether grain-sized moxibustion at Xinshu (BL15) and Shenshu (BL23) can alleviate cognitive decline and other pathologic features in early-stage Alzheimer disease (AD) using transgenic mice with 5 familial AD mutations (5XFAD). Methods: The genotype of transgenic mice was detected by polymerase chain reaction. A total of 40 transgenic mice (1.5 months old) were randomly and equally allocated to an AD model group (5XFAD group) or a grain-sized moxibustion group (5XFAD + GM group), with 20 wild-type (WT) mice (C57BL/6J) serving as the normal control group (WT group). Mice in the 5XFAD + GM group were treated by grain-sized moxibustion at bilateral Xinshu (BL15) and Shenshu (BL23). Mice in the WT group and 5XFAD group received no treatment but were restrained to ensure exposure to a similar experimental condition. Cognitive function and memory were assessed with the Morris water maze and Y-maze tests. The amyloid β 40 (Aβ40) and amyloid β 42 (Aβ42) levels in the brain were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; amyloid plaque deposition in brain tissue sections was detected by thioflavin-S staining; the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: In the Morris water maze test, compared with the 5XFAD group, mice in the 5XFAD + GM group had a shorter escape latency and more target area crossings and spent more time in the target quadrant (P<0.05). In the Y-maze test, compared with the 5XFAD group, the number of training times of the 5XFAD + GM group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), together with more correct responses (P<0.05). Compared with the 5XFAD group, the levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the brain tissue of the 5XFAD + GM group were significantly lower (P<0.05); in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, the total number of amyloid β plaque deposition were significantly lower (P<0.05); the expression levels of GFAP and CD11b were significantly reduced (P<0.05); and the expression levels of ChAT and BDNF were significantly increased (P<0.05).Conclusion: Grain-sized moxibustion at Xinshu (BL15) and Shenshu (BL23) greatly improves learning and memory functions, decreases the levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42, inhibits amyloid β plaque deposition, decreases the expression of GFAP and CD11b, and increases the expression of ChAT and BDNF in AD mice to inhibit the progression of AD.
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Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunohistochemical phenotypes and molecular characteristics of adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung(ASC)in elderly patients.Methods:Clinical data of 72 ASC patients in the Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2009 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and 48 patients aged ≥60 years were selected.Clinical manifestations, imaging findings, histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics were collected, and gene mutations were detected by the amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS-PCR).Results:There were 48 patients including 32 males and 16 females with a mean age of 70 years(range: 60-84 years). The maximum diameters of the tumors ranged from 0.3 to 9.0 cm(mean: 2.8 cm). Microscopically, the tumors contained two components, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, with the squamous cell carcinoma tissue showing intercellular bridges and the adenocarcinoma tissue showing papillary, acinar or tubular structures.Immunohistochemistry assays detected varying expression levels of CK7(30/31), CK5/6(20/28), TTF1(12/31), P40(15/17), and P63(12/13). Molecular testing showed that the EGFR mutation rate was 58.8%(10/17)and the ALK fusion mutation rate was 5.9%(1/17), while ROS1 and MET mutations were not detected.All 48 patients underwent surgical resection.Conclusions:ASC cases are relatively rare and prone to misdiagnosis.The diagnosis requires the combination of HE morphology, immunohistochemistry and imaging examination, and surgery is the main treatment option.The mutation rate of the EGFR gene is relatively high in ASC patients.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between three-dimensional histogram analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)and Gleason score(GS)in prostate cancer(Pca)from two hospital, and its diagnostic efficacy for discriminating low-grade from high-grade Pca.Methods:A total of 102 pathologically confirmed Pca patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University and Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital(TCM Hospital)Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from January 2017 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The quantitative parameters of Pca, including transport constant(K trans), rate constant(K ep), percent volume of the extravascular extracellular space(V e)and fraction of the Intraplasmic contrast volume(V p), were obtained by manually layer by layer delineating of interested regions of all lesions on the original DCE-MRI imaging.Then the three-dimensional histogram analysis of the above parameters were performed to obtain the minimum, maximum, median, mean, area, 10 thpercentile, 25 thpercentile, 75 thpercentile and 90 thpercentile.The correlations between quantitative parameters and GS, and diagnostic efficiencies were analyzed. Results:102 Pca patients were divided into low-grade prostate cancer group(GS≤3+ 4)(n=44)and high-grade Pca group(GS≥4+ 3)(n=58). There were no statistically significant differences in age and location of lesions between the two groups( P>0.05), but there were statistically significant differences in Gleason score, PSA level and lesion diameter between the two groups( U=0.000, 730.000, 711.000, all P<0.05). The median, mean, 10 thpercentile, 25 thpercentile, 75 thpercentile, 90 thpercentile derived from K trans, and K ep(median, mean, 10%, 25%, 75%, 90%)together with maximum of K transand mean for V e were positively correlated with GS( r=0.405 to 0.583, P<0.05), in which mean of K transhad the highest positive correlation( r=0.583, P=0.000). The histogram parameters derived from V pwere negatively correlated with GS( r=-0.301 to 0.341, P<0.05). The area under ROC of 75th percentile derived from K transwas the highest(0.832). When the cut-off value of 75 thpercentile derived from K transwas ≥0.680/min, its Youden index, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.594, 0.776, 0.818, respectively. Conclusions:The three-dimensional histogram of DCE-MRI quantitative parameters has correlation with GS in Pca patients, can be used to discriminate low-grade from high-grade Pca.
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Pyroptosis is an inflammatory programmed cell death. Unlike apoptosis, pyroptosis is always accompanied by inflammation. It has been found that cell pyroptosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. Pyroptosis also plays an important role in radiation injury caused by radiotherapy. Ionizing radiation breaks DNA in cells and induces oxygen free radicals, which are good inducers of pyroptosis. Therefore, this paper reviewed the research progress on the mechanism of cell pyroptosis in radiation injury from the perspective of relative signaling pathways, in order to provide new ideas for weakening or blocking radiation injury.
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Gene-environment interactions underlie cancer susceptibility and progression. The human body is exposed to and affected by the microenvironment seiscasts of various microorganisms and their metabolites, such as the microenvironment of gut microbiota. The relative abundance of some intestinal microbes in lung cancer patients was significantly different from that in the control group. These studies suggest that gut microbiota may be associated with lung cancer through some ways. At the same time, gut microbiota is relatively manageable environmental variables compared to the external environment we are exposed to, as they are highly quantifiable and relatively stable in the individual. Just as some measures of diagnosis, intervention and treatment of lung cancer targeting gut microbiota have achieved some results in clinical practice. In this review, we mainly discuss the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the progression and treatment of lung cancer through certain ways, such as regulation of metabolism, inflammation, and immune response. Finally, based on current research progress, it is inferred that research on gut microbiota may be an effective approach to the precise and personalized medical treatment of lung cancer. .
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The frozen section (FS) technology has been widely used in the process of surgical pathology since its time-saving nature exhibited superiority over traditional paraffin method. Therefore FS, of great value in providing preliminary pathological diagnosis, offers guidance in the extension of surgical resection. However, it remains controversial whether the early-stage lung adenocarcinoma could be accurately identified in FS. This review aims to generalize the studies concerning the accuracy of FS in identifying early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, analyzing the interference factors, comparing the similarities and differences between frozen sections and traditional paraffin sections. It also gives insight into whether FS can provide significant guidance for surgeons to perform resection on early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.
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Objective To explore the difference in efficacy between multiparametric MRI (Mp-MRI) based on prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 (PI-RADS v2) and abbreviated biparametric MRI (Bp-MRI) in detecting prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), and to evaluate the consistency of image interpretation between different readers. Methods The imaging, pathological and clinical data of patients with prostatic Mp-MRI in our hospital from February 2015 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. At the beginning, 250 patients were randomly selected. Two radiologists visually evaluated the images of those patients using two 5-point scoring schemes based on Mp-MRI and Bp-MRI. The remaining cases were independently proceeded by one of the radiologists using two schemes respectively. Weighted Kappa test was used to assess the consistency of the results interpreted by the two radiologists. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the efficiency of the two scoring schemes in detecting PCa and csPCa, and with Z test to investigate whether there was any difference in detection efficiency between the two schemes. Results Nine hundred and seventy eight patients were eventually enrolled in the study. The results of the consistency assessment showed that there was good agreement between the two radiologists, whether using Mp-MRI or Bp-MRI, with the weighted Kappa coefficient of 0.800 and 0.812, respectively. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of PCa detected by Mp-MRI and Bp-MRI was 0.873 and 0.879, respectively, and the AUC of csPCa detected was 0.922 and 0.932, respectively. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the AUC of PCa and csPCa detected by the two schemes (P>0.05). Conclusion The Bp-MRI scoring scheme has good stability in the evaluation of benign and malignant prostate, and its detection efficiency of PCa or csPCa is not lower than that of standard Mp-MRI based on PI-RADS v2.
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Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of multiparametric MRI in early prostate cancer(PCa) based on PI-RADS version 2.Methods 27 surgically-proved early PCa patients were collected in this retrospective study.T2WI,DWI and DCE were evaluated by two blinded radiologists.By 12 sub-region classification method the possibility of the presence of cancer at each sub-region was scored according to the PI-RADS V2.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnosic efficacy of the following 4 protocols:T2WI alone(protocol 1),T2WI+DWI(protocol 2),T2WI+DCE(protocol 3),T2WI+DWI+DCE(protocol 4).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy for each protocol were calculated.The average scores of cancerous sub-regions and non-cancerous sub-regions were calculated and the independent sample t test was used to compare the four protocols.Results 324 sub-regions were analyzed in 27 early PCa patients and then divided into 119 cancerous sub-regions and 205 non-cancerous sub-regions,including 64 peripheral zone cancerous sub-regions and transition zone cancerous sub-regions.In protocol 1-4, the average scores of cancerous sub-regions in orderwere 3.13±1.19,3.27±1.15,3.28±1.23, 3.33±1.16,respectively.Non-cancerous sub-regions's scores in order were 1.98±0.90,1.91±0.91, 2.03±0.99,1.94±0.96 respectively and there were significant differences among each protocol (P0.05).In four protocols, the sensitivity in order were 45.40%, 56.30%, 59.70%, 61.34%, while the specificity in order were 95.10%, 96.10%, 89.80%, 96.60%, and the accuracy in order were 76.85%, 81.48%, 78.70%, 83.65%.Conclusion Multiparametric MRI can improve the diagnostic accuracy for the detection of early PCa, and T2WI+DWI+DCE is with the highest value.The PI-RADS V2 system is a better semi quantitative method for evaluation of early PCa.
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Objective To evaluate the value of T2WI scores for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of transition zone prostate cancer(PCa).Methods T2WI of 43 cases of transition zone PCa and 91 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) were analyzed retrospectively.Transition zone T2WI signs were divided into the main signs and the secondary signs, which were given different scores and were evaluated separately by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for their diagnostic value.Results In a total of 11 scores sections (-1-10), as the increase of scores, the sensitivity of transition zone PCa was decreased while the specificity and positive predictive value were both increased.According to the ROC curve, when the critical value of scores≥4.5, the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and the accuracy were 81%,73.3%,90.9%,70.4% respectively.When the scores ≥8.5,the specificity and positive predictive value were both 100%.When the scores ≥0.5 and ≥1.5,the negative predictive value were 100%.Conclusion T2WI scores can quantitatively analyze the transition zone PCa,which has an important value to improve the clinical diagnosis and guide treatment.
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Objective To investigate and analyze the reference ranges of the common parameters of venous blood cell analysis a ‐mong healthy adults in Kunshan City .Methods The analytical results of venous blood cells from 2 456 healthy adults were selected and the ten indicators of red blood cell ,hemoglobin ,mean corpuscular volume ,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration ,mean corpuscular hemoglobin ,hematocrit ,white blood cell ,lymphocytes percentage ,neatrophilic granulocyte percentage ,blood platelet were statistically analyzed by adopting the SPSS 19 .0 software .Results The commonly used 10 parameters of blood cells showed a skewed distribution ,the Mann‐Whitney U tests showed that the gender difference in 10 parameters was statistically significant (P<0 .05) ;the WBC count was slightly higher than that reported by other literature ,the other 9 parameters were close to those reported by the majority of related literature .Conclusion The commonly used parameters of blood cell analysis are influenced by the region , gender ,environment ,living condition and detection instrument ,and it is necessary to establish the reference ranges for each labora‐tory .
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of T2 WI features in peripheral zone prostate cancer.Methods The characteristics of T2 WI in 56 cases of peripheral zone prostate cancer,75 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia and 7 cases of prostatitis confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Eight indexes were initially screened byχ2 test,then indexes with significant difference were entered into multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results The indexes showing statistical differences between prostate cancer and benign prostatic disorders were as following:lesion shape,signal intensity,signal uniformity,boundary of peripheral zone and transition zone,the volume of peripheral zone and prostatic capsule on T2 WI (P0.05).By multivariate Logistic analysis,the statistically significant difference were found in lesion shape, the volume of peripheral zone,prostatic capsule and boundary of peripheral zone and transition zone.Conclusion The lesion shape, volume of peripheral zone and prostatic capsule on T2 WI are independent risk factors for peripheral zone prostate cancer.
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Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of bone metabolic markers (BGP, β-CTX and PINP) for bone metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) analyzed by Logistic regression combined with ROC curve.Methods A total of 65 patients with stage Ⅳ NSCLC were enrolled in this study.The patients were divided into two groups based on radiological imaging, includirg bone metastasis group (30 cases) and non-bone metastasis group (35 cases).The serum concentrations of BGP, β-CTX and PINP were measured by electrochemical method.Logistic regression and ROC curve were applied to analyze the data and evaluate the diagnostic values.Results The concentrations of β-CTX [(0.54±0.39) ng/ml] and PINP [(103.64±81.86) ng/ml] were significantly higher in bone metastasis group than those [(0.31±0.16) ng/ml and (48.37±27.76) ng/ml, respectively] in non-bone metastasis group (P ＜ 0.01), while the level of BGP did not differ between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for β-CTX and PINP was 0.662 and 0.678, respectively.The AUC for the new predictive variables created by Logistic regression was 0.761.Conclusion Combined detection of β-CTX and PINP in the serum and application of Logistic regression combined with ROC curve analysis can increase diagnostic accuracy on bone metastasis of NSCLC.
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[A BSTR ACT] OB J ECTI V E To i mprove the recognization of clinical, imaging and pathological characteristics of angioleiomyoma (ALM) in the head and neck region. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data of 20 patients with ALM in the head and neck region between 2000 and 2012. RESULTS Seven male and 13 female patients were included in this study. The average age was 52.5 (from 28 to 74 years). The symptom in most cases (n=14) was the painless mass, 4 tumors originating in the nasal cavity presented with nasal obstruction or (and) epistaxis, and the other 3 cases were accidentally found by physical examination. The results of B-ultrasonography in 10 ALM cases of subcutaneous or deep space were homogeneously hypoechoic echo texture, straight and linear vessels in the tumor with convergence to one point with a circumscribed margin. MRI in 5 cases demonstrated typically a well-defined mass, which showed hypointensity or isointensity to muscle on T1WI, and heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2WI. All lesions showed obviously delayed enhancement on contrast MRI. HE stain showed that the tumors were formed by bundles of spindle-shape smooth muscle cells circumscribing numerous slit-like blood vessels in most cases. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed that the tumor cells were strongly positive for calponin, desmin and smooth muscle actin (SMA) in the cytoplasm of the smooth muscle cells. The positive expression of progestogen receptor and estrogen receptor was seen in 7 cases and 4 cases respectively among 10 cases. All patients underwent surgery, and recovered well postoperatively without recurrence or malignancy. CONCLUSION The clinical manifestations of ALM are nonspecific. ALM has distinctive imaging features in B-ultrasonic and MRI examination. Histological examination and immunoperoxidase staining can make a definite diagnosis of the disease. Progestogen receptor and estrogen receptor can be expressed in ALM. The postoperative prognosis is good.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features of small cell carcinoma of ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) and to evaluate the diagnostic significance of loss of SMARCA4 expression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathologic characteristics of 5 cases of SCCOHT were reviewed. The expression of SMARCA4 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in the cases of SCCOHT and 240 cases of other primary malignant tumors of ovary and peritoneum.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean and medium age of these patients was 30 years and 28 years, respectively. The presenting symptoms included abdominal pain, distention and a pelvic mass. Hypercalcemia was found in 3 patients. The maximum diameter of tumors ranged from 13.5 to 22.0 cm. Extraovarian spread was demonstrated in all of the patients on presentation. Histologically, the tumors were composed of closely packed small round cells with scanty cytoplasm, hyperchromatic nuclei and irregular chromatin clumps. The tumor cells grew in sheets, nests, cords or trabecular pattern. Follicle-like spaces were observed in 4 cases. Three of the tumors contained large cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Spindle cell morphology was found in 1 case. There were 2 cases with myxoid or hyaline stroma. Four out of five of SCCOHT cases showed loss of SMARCA4 protein while only 6.3% (15/240) of the other primary malignant tumors of ovary and peritoneum , including undifferentiated carcinoma (1/5), high-grade serous carcinoma (4.6%, 5/109), endometrioid carcinoma (7.7%, 2/26), clear cell carcinoma (1/9), mucinous carcinoma (1/5), mixed carcinoma (4.9%, 3/61), carcinosarcoma (1/9) and high-grade serous carcinoma of peritoneum (1/9), were negative.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SCCOHT is a rare malignant tumor and often misdiagnosed as other types of ovarian small cell tumor. Loss expression of SMARCA4 protein is characteristic and facilitates the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SCCOHT.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous , Carcinoma, Small Cell , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , DNA Helicases , Genetics , Metabolism , Hypercalcemia , Pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Nuclear Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Ovarian Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Transcription Factors , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To explore the efficacy and adverse effects of nimotuzumab combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer.Methods Sixty patients with stage Ⅲ cervical cancer by the histopathologic diagnosis were collected,and they were randomly divided into two groups using the random number table method.The control group (n =30)using intensity-modulated radiotherapy,intracavitary afterloading therapy and periodic chemotherapy,the observation group (n =30)in addition to the intensity-modulated radiotherapy,intracavitary afterloading therapy and periodic chemotherapy, the nimotuzumab (200 mg)was given to the patients before weekly radiotherapy.All patients were received 6 to 7 times of treatment.Results The curative effects of all the patients were evaluated after radiotherapy 3 months.In the observation group,there were 20 cases of CR,5 cases of PR,4 cases of SD,1 case of PD,the total effective rate (CR +PR)was 83.3%.In the control group,there were 1 8 cases of CR,3 cases of PR,6 cases of SD,3 cases of PD,the total effective rate was 70.0%.The difference was statistically significant (χ2 =8.356,P reaction obviously.
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Objective To evaluate MRI in judging the therapeutic effect of argon-helium cryoablation therapy for prostate cancer. Methods The clinical data and imaging materials of 16 patients with prostate cancer , who had received ultrasound-guided argon-helium knife cryogenic treatment at authors ’ hospital during the period from March 2012 to Oct. 2014, were retrospectively and comprehensively analyzed. The preoperative and postoperative laboratory test results were compared with MRI findings, and the ablation effect was assessed, focusing on the surgical residue, metastasis, etc. Results One months after the surgery, MRI demonstrated that satisfactory ablation extent was obtained in all patients, the ablated tumor tissue was characterized by long-T2 signal and no obvious recurrence could be found on DWI and DCE-MRI. A slight decrease of PSA level was observed. Six months after the surgery, MRI revealed that the prostate size was significantly reduced, PSA level was markedly decreased and no obvious evidence of recurrence was observed. No severe postoperative complications, such as urethral necrosis, urethral stricture or urethro-rectal fistula, occurred. During the 6-month following-up time, one patient died from other causes. Conclusion MRI has excellent clinical application value in estimating the ablation extent and in judging postoperative recurrence or metastasis of prostate cancer after argon-helium cryoablation treatment.