Behavioral and Emotional Problems in Children with Nocturnal Enuresis: Results of a Multicenter Study / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. METHODS: Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. RESULTS: Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.

The Long-term Outcome of Fascial Sling Operation in Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: Multicenter Study in Korea / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of fascial sling operation conducted at multicenters in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 564 patients, who underwent fascial sling operation for stress urinary incontinence, between December 1996 and May 2001, at 10 institutions in Korea, were included in this study. They were all followed up for a period of at least 2 years. History taking, a physical examination, and urodynamic studies, including Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP), were conducted before the operation. Postoperative symptoms and satisfaction were assessed using a questionnaire. The 269 (47.7%), 266 (47.2%) and 29 (5.1%) patients underwent operations with autologous rectus fascia, cadaveric allograft fascia and autologous fascia lata, respectively. RESULTS: The mean follow up period was 43.6 months, ranging from 24 to 77 months. Stress urinary incontinence was cured in 485 (86.0%) patients and improved in 31 (5.5%). In autologous fascia group, 252 (84.6%) patients were cured and 18 (6.0%) improved; whereas, in allograft fascia group 233 (87.6%) patients were cured and 13 (4.9%) improved. 253 (84.9%) patients with autologous fascia and 228 (85.7%) patients with allograft fascia were satisfied, making a total of 481 patients (85.3%) that were satisfied with the operation. According to the fascia length and preoperative VLPP value, there were no differences in the success and patient satisfaction rates. There were 197 (34.9%) patients with preoperative urge urinary incontinence, and 92 (46.7%) of these were either cured or improved postoperatively. However, de novo urge urinary incontinence was noted in 8 patients (1.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the long-term outcome of fascial sling operation for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence was satisfactory.

A study on the patterns of expression of the DAZ and HSP genes in the testicular tissue of men with azospermia

In order to examine whether microdeletions on the Y chromosome exist or not and observe the aspects of expression of DAZ which is suggested to be essential in spermatogenesis in testicular tissue, tissues of 21 patients with azospermia were analyzed by using PCR methods and reverse transcription-PCR. The primers used for the analysis of the microdeletions on the Y chromosome were gene-specific. According to the results of the PCR with genomic DNA of the peripheral blood extracted from each patient, of the 21 men with azospermia 2 displayed microdeletions of the DAZ gene in the Y chromosome but none of HSP70A and HSP70B. And the reverse transcription-PCR of the RNA extracted from the testicular tissue of the patients gave results which found no amplified products of the mRNA of DAZ in the patients with microdeletions of that gene as expected, and confirmed patterns of expression of the mRNA of HSP70B in 5 whereas none could be seen with regard to HSP70A. Furthermore, the sperm of these 5 men were discovered t In accordance with the results previously described, one can see that the microdeletions of DAZ are associated with spermatogenesis and contemplate that HSP70B plays an important part in the maturation process of sperm. But it is considered that there is no correlation between the genes DAZ and HSP and since factors associated with the process of spermatogenesis are being continously discovered more studies on this should be advanced.