ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES@#Accumulating evidence has shown the beneficial effects of isoflavone on health. There is limited information on the usual isoflavone intake for Koreans.This study examined the usual intake of total isoflavone and its major food sources in Koreans according to age and gender. @*SUBJECTS/METHODS@#The dietary intake data of 21,271 participants aged 1 yrs and older from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VII 2016– 2018 were analyzed. The average isoflavone intake was estimated based on the 24-h dietary recall data in KNHANES and the isoflavone database from the Korea Rural Development Administration (RDA) and literatures. The usual isoflavone intake was estimated by applying the ratio of within- and between-participant variance estimated from the 2009 KNHANES data to the 7th KNHANES (2016–2018) data. The variance of the isoflavone intake was calculated using MIXTRAN macro with intake data for two days in the 2009 KNHANES.Complex sample analysis with stratified variables and integrated weights was conducted. @*RESULTS@#The mean total isoflavone intake in the Korean population aged 1 yrs and older (n = 21,271) was 139.27 mg/d, which was higher than the usual intake of 47.44mg/d. Legumes were a major contributing food group (91%), with arrowroot being a major individual contributor to the isoflavone intake (67.2%), followed by 21.3% of soybean, 5.4% of bean sprouts, and 2.1% of tofu. The usual isoflavone intake was highest in the participants aged 50 to 64 yrs old and increased with age until 50 to 64 yrs and then decreased with further increases in age.The usual isoflavone intake of participants aged 65 yrs and older was higher for men than for women, showing gender differences. @*CONCLUSIONS@#The usual dietary intake of isoflavone varied according to age and gender in the Korean population. This study showed that the usual isoflavone intake was lower than the average isoflavone intake. The difference between percentiles of the usual isoflavone intake was similarly smaller than the average intake. An estimation of average intake can be hindered by the occasional consumption of foods high in isoflavones, suggesting that the usual intake estimation method can be more appropriate. Further research will be needed to establish isoflavone dietary guidelines regarding the effects of isoflavone intake on health outcomes.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study examined the mediation effects of dietary habits, nutrient intake, daily life in the relationship between the working hours of Korean shift workers and metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Data were collected from the sixth (2013–2015) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The stochastic regression imputation was used to fill missing data. Statistical analysis was performed in Korean shift workers with metabolic syndrome using the SPSS 24 program for Windows and a structural equation model (SEM) using an analysis of moment structure (AMOS) 21.0 package. RESULTS: The model fitted the data well in terms of the goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.939, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.025, normed fit index (NFI) = 0.917, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.984, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.987, and adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = 0.915. Specific mediation effect of dietary habits (p = 0.023) was statistically significant in the impact of the working hours of shift workers on nutrient intake, and specific mediation effect of daily life (p = 0.019) was statistically significant in the impact of the working hours of shift workers on metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, the dietary habits, nutrient intake and daily life had no significant multiple mediator effects on the working hours of shift workers with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: The appropriate model suggests that working hours have direct effect on the daily life, which has the mediation effect on the risk of metabolic syndrome in shift workers.
Subject(s)
Feeding Behavior , Hand , Korea , Negotiating , Nutrition SurveysABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the characteristics of depression in early dementia and mild cognitive impairment patients. METHODS: We included 412 community-dwelling elderly. They were assessed with Mini-Mental Status Examination in the Korean version of the CERAD Assessment Packet (MMSE-KC), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), Korean version of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Korean version of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). All patients were divided three groups, nondemented group (ND), mild cognitive impairment group (MCI), and early dementia group (ED). We compared depressive symptoms between three groups using each items of HDRS. RESULTS: Prevalence of depression (GDS> or =16) was 24.6% in ND, 33.3% in MCI and 41% in ED. Several items of HDRS, depressed mood, feeling of guilt, loss of work & interests, psychomotor retardation, psychomotor agitation, psychic anxiety, somatic anxiety, and gastrointestinal symptoms, were significantly associated with cognitive decline in all subjects. However, no item of HDRS was significantly associated with cognitive decline in depressive patients. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the prevalence of depression may increase as cognitive function declines. There was no difference in depressive symptoms between three groups.