The Impact of Obesity on the Use of a Totally Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy in Patients with Gastric Cancer

PURPOSE: Since a patient's obesity can affect the mortality and morbidity of the surgery, less drastic surgeries may have a major benefit for obese individuals. This study evaluated the feasibility of performing a totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, with intracorporeal anastomosis, in obese patients suffering from gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of the 138 patients, who underwent a totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy from April 2005 to March 2009, at the National Kyushu Cancer Center. The body mass index of 20 patients was > or =25, and in 118 patients, it was <25 kg/m2. RESULTS: The mean values of body mass index in the 2 groups were 27.3+/-2.2 and 21.4+/-2.3. Hypertension was significantly more frequent in the obese patients than in the non-obese patients. The intraoperative blood loss, duration of surgery, post-operative complication rate, post-operative hospital stay, and a number of retrieved lymph nodes were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intracorporeal anastomosis seemed to have a benefit for obese individuals. Totally laparoscopic gastrectomy is, therefore, considered to be a safe and an effective modality for obese patients.

Role of UCP2 Expression after Hepatic Warm Ischemia-Reperfusion in the Rat

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The role of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) in the liver is currently unclear. Emerging evidence suggests a relationship between UCP2 and oxidative stress. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that UCP2 expression in the liver might change during warm ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) according to oxidative stress. METHODS: Wistar rats were subjected to 40 (short ischemia) or 90 (long ischemia) minutes of partial lobar ischemia followed by 4 hours of reperfusion. UCP2 expression in the ischemic and nonischemic lobes was assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Malondialdehyde concentrations in the liver tissue were also compared. RESULTS: Malondialdehyde concentrations in the ischemic lobes were significantly higher in the long ischemia group. In the ischemic lobes of the short ischemia group, UCP2 protein expression was induced in hepatocytes, which did not express the protein prior to treatment, and the expression levels were higher than in the long ischemia group. The intralobular distribution of UCP2 seemed to correlate inversely with that of the necrotic area. UCP2 expression was observed, even in nonischemic lobes with similar intralobular heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: UCP2 was induced in hepatocytes after warm I/R. Although the primitive role of UCP2 expression may be cytoprotective in nature, its actual protective effect in hepatic I/R may be minimal

"The""modification""Type Microsatellite Change in High Frequency Microsatellite Instability Colorectal Cancer Closely Relating to MLH1 and KRAS Mutation" / 现代生物医学进展

Microsatellite instability(MSI)was defined according to the frequency of positive findings in a panel of MSI markers.High frequency MSI(MSI-H)was the phenotype in which repeat sequences were extraordinarily unstable, and was considered to be the bona fide phenotype of DNA mismatch repair defection. However base substitutions in some well studied oncogenes or tumor suppressors were reported to be uncommon in MSI-H tumors. To explore this obvious contradiction, the relationship between MSI and KRAS gene mutations were studied in a panel of 76 human colorectal carcinomas, the whole exon of MLH1 and MSH2 were sequenced for MSI-H tumors. KRAS gene mutation was confirmed by similar frequencies in tumors of different MSI status. Intriguingly, all of the KRAS mutant MSI-H tumors harbored sequence alterations in MLH1gene, which was a key player in DNA mismatch repair system. This implied that in MSI-H tumors carrying MMR mutations, KRAS mutation were frequently and almost exclusively occurred. Furthermore, these MMR mutants were uniformly carrying a unique modification + jumping type MSI, which was different to MSI-H tumors without MLH1 or MSH2 gene mutations. This study shaded lights on the heterogeneity of MSI-H tumors, and implied the connection between modification type MSI and DNA mismatch defection.

Correlation between over expression of BUBR1 and chromosomal instability in colorectal carcinoma / 现代生物医学进展

Objective:Over expression of BUBR1 protein was reported in several human malignancies,however whether BUBR1 plays a role in chromosomal instability phenotype remains in controversy.This study was to explore the roll of BUBR1 protein in CIN phenotype in CRC.Methods:BUBR1 expression was studied immunohistochemieally in a panel of 93 advanced sporadic eolorectal cancers.Microsatellite status was evaluated by high resolution microsatellite analysis assay,TP53 gene mutation by direct sequencing and DNA ploidy by laser scanning cytometery.The relationship between BUBR1 overexpression and TP53 gene mutation,mierosatellite status,and DNA ploidy were studied.Results:BUBR1 overexpression was confirmed in 69% of cases.The overexpression was more frequent in tumor without high frequency microsatellite instability (P＜0.01) and TP53 mutation (P＜0.05).There was no statistic correlation between DNA aneuploidy and BUBR1 overexpression; however,a tendency that aneuploidy tumors had higher percentage of BUBR1 overexpression was shown.BUBR1 overexpression was not statistically related with clinieopathological factors.Conclusion:The linkage between BUBR1 overexpression and molecular factors indicating a CIN background implied that BUBR1 overexpression was indeed related with chromosomal instability in colorectal cancer.

Correlation between over expression of BUBR1 and chromosomal instability in colorectal carcinoma / 现代生物医学进展

Objective:Over expression of BUBR1 protein was reported in several human malignancies,however whether BUBR1 plays a role in chromosomal instability phenotype remains in controversy.This study was to explore the roll of BUBR1 protein in CIN phenotype in CRC.Methods:BUBR1 expression was studied immunohistochemieally in a panel of 93 advanced sporadic eolorectal cancers.Microsatellite status was evaluated by high resolution microsatellite analysis assay,TP53 gene mutation by direct sequencing and DNA ploidy by laser scanning cytometery.The relationship between BUBR1 overexpression and TP53 gene mutation,mierosatellite status,and DNA ploidy were studied.Results:BUBR1 overexpression was confirmed in 69% of cases.The overexpression was more frequent in tumor without high frequency microsatellite instability (P＜0.01) and TP53 mutation (P＜0.05).There was no statistic correlation between DNA aneuploidy and BUBR1 overexpression; however,a tendency that aneuploidy tumors had higher percentage of BUBR1 overexpression was shown.BUBR1 overexpression was not statistically related with clinieopathological factors.Conclusion:The linkage between BUBR1 overexpression and molecular factors indicating a CIN background implied that BUBR1 overexpression was indeed related with chromosomal instability in colorectal cancer.

The"modification"Type Microsatellite Change in High Frequency Microsatellite Instability Colorectal Cancer Closely Relating to MLH1 and KRAS Mutation / 现代生物医学进展

Microsatellite instability(MSI)was defined according to the frequency of positive findings in a panel of MSI markers.High frequency MSI(MSI-H)was the phenotype in which repeat sequences were extraordinarily unstable, and was considered to be the bona fide phenotype of DNA mismatch repair defection. However base substitutions in some well studied oncogenes or tumor suppressors were reported to be uncommon in MSI-H tumors. To explore this obvious contradiction, the relationship between MSI and KRAS gene mutations were studied in a panel of 76 human colorectal carcinomas, the whole exon of MLH1 and MSH2 were sequenced for MSI-H tumors. KRAS gene mutation was confirmed by similar frequencies in tumors of different MSI status. Intriguingly, all of the KRAS mutant MSI-H tumors harbored sequence alterations in MLH1gene, which was a key player in DNA mismatch repair system. This implied that in MSI-H tumors carrying MMR mutations, KRAS mutation were frequently and almost exclusively occurred. Furthermore, these MMR mutants were uniformly carrying a unique "modification" + "jumping" type MSI, which was different to MSI-H tumors without MLH1 or MSH2 gene mutations. This study shaded lights on the heterogeneity of MSI-H tumors, and implied the connection between "modification" type MSI and DNA mismatch defection.

Correlation between over expression of BUBR1 and chromosomal instability in colorectal carcinoma / 现代生物医学进展

Objective:Over expression of BUBR1 protein was reported in several human malignancies,however whether BUBR1 plays a role in chromosomal instability phenotype remains in controversy.This study was to explore the roll of BUBR1 protein in CIN phenotype in CRC.Methods:BUBR1 expression was studied immunohistochemieally in a panel of 93 advanced sporadic eolorectal cancers.Microsatellite status was evaluated by high resolution microsatellite analysis assay,TP53 gene mutation by direct sequencing and DNA ploidy by laser scanning cytometery.The relationship between BUBR1 overexpression and TP53 gene mutation,mierosatellite status,and DNA ploidy were studied.Results:BUBR1 overexpression was confirmed in 69% of cases.The overexpression was more frequent in tumor without high frequency microsatellite instability (P＜0.01) and TP53 mutation (P＜0.05).There was no statistic correlation between DNA aneuploidy and BUBR1 overexpression; however,a tendency that aneuploidy tumors had higher percentage of BUBR1 overexpression was shown.BUBR1 overexpression was not statistically related with clinieopathological factors.Conclusion:The linkage between BUBR1 overexpression and molecular factors indicating a CIN background implied that BUBR1 overexpression was indeed related with chromosomal instability in colorectal cancer.

The"modification"Type Microsatellite Change in High Frequency Microsatellite Instability Colorectal Cancer Closely Relating to MLH1 and KRAS Mutation / 现代生物医学进展

Microsatellite instability(MSI)was defined according to the frequency of positive findings in a panel of MSI markers.High frequency MSI(MSI-H)was the phenotype in which repeat sequences were extraordinarily unstable, and was considered to be the bona fide phenotype of DNA mismatch repair defection. However base substitutions in some well studied oncogenes or tumor suppressors were reported to be uncommon in MSI-H tumors. To explore this obvious contradiction, the relationship between MSI and KRAS gene mutations were studied in a panel of 76 human colorectal carcinomas, the whole exon of MLH1 and MSH2 were sequenced for MSI-H tumors. KRAS gene mutation was confirmed by similar frequencies in tumors of different MSI status. Intriguingly, all of the KRAS mutant MSI-H tumors harbored sequence alterations in MLH1gene, which was a key player in DNA mismatch repair system. This implied that in MSI-H tumors carrying MMR mutations, KRAS mutation were frequently and almost exclusively occurred. Furthermore, these MMR mutants were uniformly carrying a unique "modification" + "jumping" type MSI, which was different to MSI-H tumors without MLH1 or MSH2 gene mutations. This study shaded lights on the heterogeneity of MSI-H tumors, and implied the connection between "modification" type MSI and DNA mismatch defection.

"Modification" type microsatellite instability is correlated with p53 mutation in sporadic colorectal cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective High frequency microsatellite instability(MSI-H)was considered to be the phenotype of DNA mismatch repair(MMR)deficiency.However,a contradiction was noticed that p53 mutation is reposed to be extremely rare in MSI-H tumors.The aim of the current study was to confirm and try to explain this a phenomenon.We have demonstrated a direct link between MMR model and"modification"type MSI,and suggested the new categorization system of MSI by quantification of MSI profile.Based on this categorization system we studied the relationship between MSI and mutation of p53 oncogene in colorectal cancer.Methods A series of 180 sporadic colorectal cancer cases were investigated for their microsatellite status and p53 mutations.High resolution fluorescent microsatellite instability analysis assay and direct sequencing were employed in this study.Results Two definite patterns of microsatellite instability were confirmed,i.e."modification" type and "jumping" type MSI. In colorectal cancer,low frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-L)cases all showed pure"modification"type,while"jumping"type MSI changes were confirmed in all MSI-H cases.MSI-H was related with proximal tumor location and poorly differentiated.p53 mutation rate was more frequent in well differentiated tumors.Interestingly.MSI-L tumor showed a 40% mutation rate which is similar with MSS tumor 41%,however,in MSI-H tumors no p53 mutation was confirmed.Conclusions We confirm in human colorectal cancers,the"modification"type MSI might be connected with MMR defection.The mechanism underlying MSI-H phenotype was supposed to be other than MMR deficiency.

Oldest Reported Surviving Patient with a Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Shock: Expertly Coordinated and Trained Medical Teams Save a 96-Year-Old Patient / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

We report possibly the oldest patient in the world with both a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and shock who was saved by accurate diagnosis and immediate treatment by trained medical teams specializing in emergency medicine, radiology, vascular surgery, anesthesiology, and internal medicine. The 96-year-old patient was transferred to our hospital because of sudden left lateral abdominal pain and hypotension that resulted in periods of unconsciousness and shock. An enhanced CT scan showed that the ruptured infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm was surrounded by hematoma that was located mainly in the left lateral abdomen, extended above the renal arteries (Fitzgerald type III), and was 7cm at its maximum diameter. Y-graft replacement was successfully performed after a rapid decrease in the patient's blood pressure was quickly restored by clamping the aortic neck by hand. Following the operation the patient developed ischemic colitis and cholecystitis, which were cured by conservative treatment. The patient was discharged 20 days after the operation. We were able to save this nonagenarian patient with both a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and shock by immediate treatment provided by medical teams that are trained and coordinated.